[Initiatives for Rapid Reporting of Antibiotic Resistance Information Using Disk Diffusion for Positive Blood Culture].

Bacteremia can easily become severe, and it is necessary to start appropriate treatment quickly before it progresses to sepsis. In this study, we investigated a method using antibiotic discs to quickly report antibiotic resistance information for bacteremia caused by gramnegative bacilli, such as , which require careful selection of appropriate antibiotics due to their tendency to cause severe illness. In cases of bacteremia caused by ESBL and AmpC-producing bacteria, reports of suspected antibiotic resistance mechanisms were made within a few hours after disk placement, allowing for the rapid modification of antimicrobial therapy, thereby contributing to the treatment.

Antibacterial effects of Kampo products against pneumonia causative bacteria.

Community-acquired pneumonia is caused primarily by bacterial infection. For years, antibiotic treatment has been the standard of care for patients with bacterial pneumonia, although the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains is recognized as a global health issue. The traditional herbal medicine Kampo has a long history of clinical use and is relatively safe in treating various diseases.

Prospective hospital-based cohort studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections in infants under one year during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Japan.

Objectives: In Japan, population-based epidemiological data on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are limited. To elucidate the epidemiology of RSV before the introduction of new prophylactic drugs, we conducted a population-based study during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: This study was performed in four hospitals in Chiba City and three hospitals in Ichihara City.

Biotypic and genotypic diversity in Pasteurella canis isolated from host animals and humans: differences in trehalose fermentation and nucleotide sequences encoding trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (treC).

The biotypic and genotypic features of Pasteurella canis isolated from dogs, cats, and humans were clarified by repetitive sequence-based fingerprinting and nucleotide sequences encoding trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (treC). Thirty P. canis and 48 P.

Virulence-associated Genome Sequences of and Unique Toxin Gene Prevalence of and Isolated from Humans and Companion Animals.

Background: Comparative analysis of virulence factors (VFs) between and are lacking, although both cause zoonotic infections. We determined the virulence-associated genome sequence characteristics of and assessed the toxin gene prevalence unique to among clinical isolates of and .

Methods: We selected 10 and 16 whole-genome sequences (WGSs) from the National Center for Biotechnology database.

Isolation Rate of Neisseria meningitidis in Japanese Children with Respiratory Tract Infections.

Although invasive meningococcal disease is rare in Japan (0.028 cases per 100,000 population), its incidence is 10 times greater in many other countries. Colonization is a prerequisite for invasive meningococcal disease.

[Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from 8 Hospitals in Chiba Prefecture Following the Introduction of 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine].

We investigated the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from 8 hospitals in Chiba prefecture during 2012-2013. We further checked the serotype of S. pneumoniae derived from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Gene expression profile in human leukocytes.

Leukocytes are classified as myelocytic or lymphocytic, and each class of leukocytes consists of several types of cells that have different phenotypes and different roles. To define the gene expression in these cells, we have performed serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) using human leukocytes and have provided the gene database for these cells not only at the resting stage but also at the activated stage. A total of 709,990 tags from 17 libraries were analyzed for the manifestation of gene expression profiles in various types of human leukocytes.

Comprehensive gene expression analysis of human NK cells and CD8(+) T lymphocytes.

Cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK cells and CD8(+) T cells play a pivotal role in the host defense. To reveal the biological function of these cells through establishing a comprehensive gene expression profile, serial analysis of gene expression was performed in human peripheral blood NK cells and CD8(+) T cells. In total, 85,848 tags corresponding to >20,000 different transcripts were sequenced.