Establishment of a surveillance program for anal cancer in Crohn's disease.

This letter discusses the incidence of anal cancer among Crohn's disease (CD)-related malignancies. Patients with CD have been demonstrated to be at a higher risk of developing small bowel and colorectal cancers than healthy individuals. Although CD-associated anal cancer is relatively rare, patients with CD accompanied by anal or perianal lesions are at increased risk of anal cancer.

Relationship between postoperative biliary complications and biliary anatomical aspects in performing right anterior- or central bisectionectomy: Single-center retrospective observational study.

Aim: Central liver resections are considered to be high-risk procedures due to postoperative biliary complications. However, anatomical aspect-related causes are underreported. Focusing upon right anterior sectionectomy (H58) and central bisectionectomy (H458), we assessed risk factors for postoperative biliary complications.

Risk Factors Associated With Perioperative Skeletal Muscle Loss in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Postoperative changes in body composition, especially loss of muscle mass, often occur in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Few studies have reported perioperative changes in the body composition of patients with colorectal cancer. Therefore, this study aimed at clarifying changes in body composition during the perioperative period and identifying risk factors for skeletal muscle mass loss in patients with colorectal cancer.

Cross-Species Convergence of Functional Connectivity Changes in Thalamic Pain Across Human Patients and Model Macaques.

Thalamic pain can be understood as a network reorganization disorder. This study aimed to investigate functional connectivity (FC) in human patients and a macaque model of thalamic pain. In humans, resting-state FC was compared between patients with thalamic pain and healthy individuals.

Temporal Information Processing in the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia.

Temporal information processing in the range of a few hundred milliseconds to seconds involves the cerebellum and basal ganglia. In this chapter, we present recent studies on nonhuman primates. In the studies presented in the first half of the chapter, monkeys were trained to make eye movements when a certain amount of time had elapsed since the onset of the visual cue (time production task).

Scoring system to predict positive peritoneal cytology in patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors to predict positive peritoneal cytology, whcih would determine the indication for staging laparoscopy in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A total of 430 patients that underwent pancreatectomy for resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Among 430 patients, 36 had positive cytology (8.

Short-term serial circulating tumor DNA assessment predicts therapeutic efficacy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the potential clinical utility of short-term serial KRAS-mutated circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) assessment for predicting therapeutic response in patients undergoing first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods: We collected 144 blood samples from 18 patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer that were undergoing initial first-line chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GEM plus nab-PTX). Analysis of KRAS-mutated ctDNA was quantified by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) as mutant allele frequency (MAF).

Histone methyltransferase SUV420H1/KMT5B contributes to poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis, even after curative surgery. Multikinase inhibitors have been applied for HCC patients, but their effect has been restricted. This study aims to clarify the clinical impact of SUV420H1/KMT5B, one of the methyltransferases for histone H4 at lysine 20, and elucidate the novel mechanisms of HCC progression.

Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for prediction of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Objectives: Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH-EUS) plays an important role in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CH-EUS is useful for predicting the treatment efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) determined by pathological response.

Methods: Patients who underwent CH-EUS before chemotherapy and surgical resection were divided into two groups according to poor (group-P) or rich tumor vascularity (group-R) determined by enhancement pattern on early- and late-phase CH-EUS.

Insights from managing clinical issues in distal pancreatectomy with en bloc coeliac axis resection: experiences from 626 patients.

Background: Distal pancreatectomy with en bloc coeliac axis resection (DP-CAR) for pancreatic body cancer has been reported increasingly. However, its large-scale outcomes remain undocumented. This study aimed to evaluate DP-CAR volume and mortality, preoperative arterial embolization for ischaemic gastropathy, the oncological benefit for resectable tumours close to the bifurcation of the splenic artery and coeliac artery using propensity score matching, and prognostic factors in DP-CAR.

Radiographic duodenal invasion is associated with poor prognosis and early recurrence in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: The prognostic impact of radiographic duodenal invasion (rDI) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has yet to be fully elucidated. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of rDI in patients with PDAC after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 223 consecutive patients with resectable (R) and borderline resectable (BR)-PDAC that underwent up-front PD between 2002 and 2018.

Right posterior bile duct stricture after laparoscopic anterior sectionectomy with long right bile duct: A case report.

Right anterior liver sectionectomy (RAS) is a complicated procedure with high incidences of postoperative complications. We report a case of right posterior bile duct (RPBD) stricture after laparoscopic RAS with discussion of the anatomical aspects. A 69-year-old Japanese man had solitary colorectal liver metastasis.

Radiological Shape of the Tumor Predicts Progression and Survival in Resected Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The histological features and radiological shape of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) have not been widely studied in relation to prognosis. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is thought to be useful in diagnosis of progress and tumor distribution; it can also show morphological differences (round, triangular, and square forms) at the tumoral obstruction sites. Histological types of eCCA may be revealed, with potential association with tumor growth and survival.

Positive drain fluid culture on postoperative day 1 predicts clinically relevant pancreatic fistula in early drain removal with higher drain fluid amylase after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the risk factors of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after early drain removal with higher drain fluid amylase after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clinical evaluation of early drain removal with a higher drain fluid amylase after pancreaticoduodenectomy has been controversial. The safety and effectiveness have not been sufficiently examined.

Clinical practice guidelines for duodenal cancer 2021.

Duodenal cancer is considered to be a small intestinal carcinoma in terms of clinicopathology. In Japan, there are no established treatment guidelines based on sufficient scientific evidence; therefore, in daily clinical practice, treatment is based on the experience of individual physicians. However, with advances in diagnostic modalities, it is anticipated that opportunities for its detection will increase in future.

Neural signals regulating motor synchronization in the primate deep cerebellar nuclei.

Movements synchronized with external rhythms are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Despite the involvement of the cerebellum, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In monkeys performing synchronized saccades to periodically alternating visual stimuli, we found that neuronal activity in the cerebellar dentate nucleus correlated with the timing of the next saccade and the current temporal error.

Perioperative management for patient with congenital factor VII deficiency who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Case report.

Introduction And Importance: In patients with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency, perioperative bleeding events are concern, so recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is favorably used, but the optimal dosage regimen has not clearly established. We report management of a patient with congenital FVII deficiency who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-male with congenital FVII deficiency was diagnosed as acute cholecystitis, so we planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Pancreatectomy With Artery Resection for Pancreatic Neck/Body Cancer: A Single-arm Pilot Study.

Background/aim: The potential benefits of pancreatectomy with major arterial resection have been studied in the past, but findings remain controversial. Pancreatic neck/body cancer (PNBC) involving arteries frequently requires combined resection of the pancreas, artery and portal vein.

Patients And Methods: Nine prospectively-registered consecutive patients with PNBC were enrolled, all underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with common hepatic artery en-bloc resection (PD-CHAR).

Malignant potential and specific characteristics of pure main duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Background: As the malignant potential of main duct (MD-) type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has been discussed together with Mixed-type in most previous studies, the malignant potential of pure MD-type IPMN remains unclear. This study evaluated the specific characteristics and predictors of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and invasive intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) for pure MD-type IPMN.

Methods: From 1,100 patients with IPMN, this study includes 387 patients that underwent surgery.