The anti-melanoma roles and mechanisms of tricholoma isoflavone derivative CA028.

As a form of skin cancer, melanoma's incidence rate is continuing to rise globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new agents to improve survival in melanoma patients. Isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens, are primarily found in soy and other legumes.

Sex-specific neurotoxicity and transgenerational effects of an emerging pollutant, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP).

The growing production and usage of flame retardants (FRs) results in their extensive environmental distribution, potentially posing a threat on both ecological and human health. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP), a commonly used FR, is commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, and aquatic organisms, including fish, may be exposed to TDCIPP during specific stages of their life cycles, or across generations. Here, we aim to identify and compare the neurotoxic effects of TDCIPP on the brains of female and male adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) across three generations (F0 to F3).

Biological exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics and plastic additives: impairment of glycolipid metabolism and adverse effects on metabolic diseases.

Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPs) are widespread pollutants in the environment, posing growing risks to human health and garnering increasing concern from researchers. Due to their small particle size, ease of adsorption, and resistance to degradation, M-NPs can retain and migrate in the environment for long-term periods. Upon entering organisms, M-NPs have been reported to cause inflammation and oxidative stress and result in abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism.

Integrated analysis reveals the immunotoxicity mechanism of BPs on human lymphocytes.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-documented endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastic products. In addition to its endocrine-disrupting effects, BPA exhibits immunotoxicity. Many countries have banned BPA because of its adverse effects on human health.

Roles and occurrences of microbiota in the osmoregulatory organs, gills and gut, in marine medaka upon hypotonic stress.

Gills and gut are the two primary osmoregulatory organs in fish. Recently, studies have expanded beyond the osmoregulatory mechanisms of these organs to explore the microbiota communities inhabiting them. It is now known that microbial communities in both organs shift in response to osmotic stress.

Therapeutic targets of formononetin for treating prostate cancer at the single-cell level.

Prostate cancer is one of the serious health problems of older male, about 13% of male was affected by prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is highly heterogeneity disease with complex molecular and genetic alterations. So, targeting the gene candidates in prostate cancer in single-cell level can be a promising approach for treating prostate cancer.

Intergenerational toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2): Effects of parental exposure on early larval development and transcriptomic profiles in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata.

This study exposed adult Sydney rock oysters, of either sex or both, to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at 50 ng/L for 21 days, followed by an examination of developmental endpoints and transcriptomic responses in unexposed larvae. Reduced survival was observed at 1 day post-fertilisation (dpf) in larvae from bi-parental exposure (FM). Motile larvae at 2 dpf were fewer from maternal (FM), paternal (FM), and FM exposures.

Size-dependent deleterious effects of nano- and microplastics on sperm motility.

Introduction: Growing concerns regarding the reproductive toxicity associated with daily life exposure to micro-/nano-plastics (abbreviated as MNPs) have become increasingly prevalent. In reality, MNPs exposure involves a heterogeneous mixture of MNPs of different sizes rather than a single size.

Methods: In this study, an oral exposure mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of MNPs of four size ranges: 25-30 nm, 1-5 µm, 20-27 µm, and 125-150 µm.

Environmental occurrence, biological effects, and health implications of zinc pyrithione: A review.

Due to the detrimental effects on aquatic organisms and ecosystem, tributyltin as a antifouling agent have been banned worldwide since 1990s. As a replacement for tributyltin, zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) has emerged as a new environmentally friendly antifouling agent. However, the widespread use of ZnPT unavoidably leads to the occurrence and accumulation in aquatic environments, especially in waters with limited sunlight.

Anti-cancer mechanisms of natural isoflavones against melanoma.

The incidence of skin-related neoplasms has generally increased in recent years. Melanoma arises from malignant mutations in melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis and is a fatal skin cancer that seriously threatens human health. Isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds widely present in legumes and have drawn scientists' attention, because they have good efficacy against a variety of cancers, including melanoma, without significant toxic side effects and resistance.

Effects of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites on the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis: Underlying mechanisms and environmental implications.

The wide application of benzophenones (BPs), such as benzophenone-3 (BP3), as an ingredient in sunscreens, cosmetics, coatings, and plastics, has led to their global contamination in aquatic environments. Using the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis as a model, this study assessed the toxic effects and mechanisms of BP3 and its two major metabolites (BP8 and BP1). The results showed that BP3 exhibited higher toxicity on C.

Biochemical pancreatic β-cell lineage reprogramming: Various cell fate shifts.

The incidence of pancreatic diseases has been continuously rising in recent years. Thus, research on pancreatic regeneration is becoming more popular. Chronic hyperglycemia is detrimental to pancreatic β-cells, leading to impairment of insulin secretion which is the main hallmark of pancreatic diseases.

Effects of PFOS Exposure on Epigenetics and Metabolism in Mouse Fetal Livers.

Prenatal exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) increases fetus' metabolic risk; however, the investigation of the underlying mechanism is limited. In this study, pregnant mice in the gestational days (GD, 4.5-17.

Comparative transcriptome findings reveal the neuroinflammatory network and potential biomarkers to early detection of ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke accounts for 70-80% of all stroke cases, leading to over two million people dying every year. Poor diagnosis and late detection are the major causes of the high death and disability rate.

Methods: In the present study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model and applied comparative transcriptomic analysis, followed by a systematic advanced bioinformatic analysis, including gene ontology enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).

Comparative transcriptomic analysis and mechanistic characterization revealed the use of formononetin for bladder cancer treatment.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with 213 000 deaths reported in 2020. Patients with a progression from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer to muscle-invasive disease have poorer prognosis and survival rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel drugs to prevent the recurrence and metastasis of bladder cancer.

Reproductive toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics.

Large-scale plastic pollution occurs in terrestrial and marine environments and degrades into microparticles (MP) and nanoparticles (NP) of plastic. Micro/nanoplastics (MP/NPs) are found throughout the environment and different kinds of marine organisms and can enter the human body through inhalation or ingestion, particularly through the food chain. MPs/NPs can enter different organisms, and affect different body systems, including the reproductive, digestive, and nervous systems via the induction of different stresses such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Multigenerational impacts of EE2 on reproductive fitness and immune competence of marine medaka.

Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDC) have been suspected to impact offspring in a transgenerational manner via modifications of the germline epigenome in the directly exposed generations. A holistic assessment of the concentration/ exposure duration-response, threshold level, and critical exposure windows (parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis) for the transgenerational evaluation of reproduction and immune compromise concomitantly will inform the overall EEDC exposure risk. We conducted a multigenerational study using the environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the marine laboratory model fish Oryzias melastigma (adult, F0) and their offspring (F1-F4) to identify transgenerationally altered offspring generations and phenotype persistence.

Integrated network findings reveal ubiquitin-specific protease 44 overexpression suppresses tumorigenicity of liver cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC is a multistep disease marked by various signaling alterations. A better understanding of the new molecular drivers of HCC could therefore provide an opportunity to develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Instrumental and transcriptome analysis reveals the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin-loaded black phosphate nanosheets on abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men and is common in most developed countries. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that uses abiraterone acetate (AA) is an effective second-line treatment for prostate cancer. However, approximately 20-40% of patients develop primary resistance to abiraterone post-treatment.

The influences of spatial-temporal variability and ecological drivers on microplastic in marine fish in Hong Kong.

This study examined microplastic (MP) occurrence and abundance in marine fish collected from the western and eastern waters of Hong Kong during the wet and dry seasons. Over half (57.1%) of the fish had MP in their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, with overall MP abundance ranging from not detected to 44.

Reproductive toxicity in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) due to embryonic exposure to PCB 28 or 4'-OH-PCB 65.

Previous studies have shown that juvenile or adult exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induces alterations in reproductive functions (e.g., reduced fertilization rate) and behavior (e.

Vitamin C protects the spleen against PFOA-induced immunotoxicity.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely used in industrial and consumer products of our daily life. It is well-documented that PFOA is closely associated with fatty liver disease. Recently, cumulating studies demonstrated the immunotoxicity of PFOA, but its harmful effect on the largest immune organ, spleen is still largely unknown.