[Differencial diagnosis of the low alkaline phosphatase activities].

Laboratory diagnostics is especially important in the diagnosis of certain diseases. We compared manual measurements results to laboratory normal values. In some cases, these values depend on the gender and age as well.

Factors influencing antimicrobial resistance and outcome of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to collect data about pediatric Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) to determine the factors that influence multidrug resistance (MDR), clinical course and outcome of children affected by Gram-negative sepsis.

Methods: In this observational, prospective, multicenter study we collected cases of pediatric Gram-negative BSI during a 2-year period. We analyzed epidemiological, microbiological and clinical factors that associated with acquisition of MDR infections and outcome.

Recurrent outbreaks of Serratia marcescens among neonates and infants at a pediatric department: an outbreak analysis.

Purpose: Serratia marcescens is a known cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and outbreaks in neonates receiving intensive care. Our aim was to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of two outbreaks detected in our unit to prevent and control further epidemic infections.

Methods: Two episodes of BSI outbreaks in neonates have been investigated in a 20-month period at a pediatric department of a medical university in Hungary.

Aldosterone antagonists in monotherapy are protective against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are the standard clinical therapy of diabetic nephropathy (DN), while aldosterone antagonists are only used as adjuncts. Previously in experimental DN we showed that Na/K ATPase (NKA) is mislocated and angiotensin II leads to superimposed renal progression. Here we investigated the monotherapeutic effect of aldosterone blockers on the progression of DN and renal NKA alteration in comparison to ACEi and ARBs.

Dissemination of ST274 Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clone in newborn and adult hospital settings harbouring SHV-2A or CTX-M-15 type extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing known plasmids.

Molecular epidemiology and genetic features of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clone (KP-EC) with elevated ciprofloxacin MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values from multiple nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic cases between 2006 and 2008 in Hungary were investigated. As a result of continuous monitoring of ESBL-producing KP-ECs, 27 isolates collected from five healthcare facilities were selected for macrorestriction profile analysis by PFGE (pulsed field gel electrophoresis). Of these, 12 strains were isolated from adult inpatients, while 15 strains were from newborns.

Bone metabolism and mineral density following renal transplantation.

Aim: To study bone turnover following renal transplantation using a panel of biochemical markers and to correlate the results with both areal and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD).

Patients: A total of 31 patients aged 18.1 years were transplanted 5.

[The in vitro effect of recombinant human growth hormone on lymphocyte and granulocyte function in healthy and uremic children].

The aim of the study was to establish the effect of GH on immune functions in 22 healthy and in 11 uremic children, in vitro. Oxydative burst of granulocyte in the presence of GH measured by chemiluminescence and lymphoblast proliferation to GH and lectin stimuli were studied. Gene expression of GH receptor was analyzed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

In vitro effect of human recombinant growth hormone on lymphocyte and granulocyte function of healthy and uremic children.

The recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), currently used in supraphysiological doses to promote growth acceleration in chronic renal failure children (CRF), also has the ability to influence their impaired immune functions. The effect of human growth hormone on the lymphoproliferative response in vitro was analyzed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 25 healthy and 11 uremic children. In 72% of the uremic cases and in 60% of the healthy individual children the hormone increased the lymphoproliferation alone, and/or when used in combination with phytohaemagglutinine.

Plasma amino acid concentration under human growth hormone treatment in uremic children.

The plasma amino acid concentrations were investigated before and after 3 and 30 months of human recombinant growth hormone treatment in 7 children with chronic renal failure. The concentrations of amino acids in plasma showed characteristic changes (pretreatment vs. after 3 and 30 months of treatment): Lys 113 +/- 33 vs.

Changes in plasma and urinary amino acid levels during diabetic ketoacidosis in children.

Plasma and urinary concentrations of different amino acids were investigated during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and 12, 24, 72 hours after initiation of therapy. In DKA, plasma concentration of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine, leucine and isoleucine significantly increased while that of asparagine and glutamine decreased compared to levels in well-controlled diabetic patients. The urinary excretion of branched-chain amino acids, histidine, serine and threonine was elevated while those of glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine and taurine were reduced.

Reduced glomerular filtration and elevated urinary protein excretion in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by two methods in 9 children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), directly by true creatinine clearance and indirectly by means of serum beta-2-microglobulin levels. We found significantly reduced GFR in the first hours of DKA. The rapid improvement in GFR after fluid and electrolyte replacement indicates that volume depletion is the major cause of low filtration rate.

[Follow-up of blood and urinary amino acid concentrations in diabetic ketoacidosis in children].

Plasma and urinary concentrations of amino acids were investigated during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and 12, 24, 72 hours after initiation of therapy. In DKA plasma concentration of glutamic acid, asparaginic acid, valine, leucine and isoleucine significantly increased while that of asparagine and glutamine decreased compared to levels in well controlled diabetic patients. Despite the elevated urinary excretion of branched chain amino acids, histidine, serine and threonine, urinary excretion and clearance of glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine and taurine were reduced.