Distal Femoral Replacement With a Metaphyseal Sleeve: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Subsidence.

In this study, we report on the outcomes of our experience using a metaphyseal sleeve with a distal femoral replacement (DFR) and review the risk factors for sleeve subsidence over a 3 year period.

Low duty cycle pulsed UV technique for spectroscopy of aluminum monochloride.

We present what we believe to be a novel technique to minimize UV-induced damage in experiments that employ second-harmonic generation cavities. The principle of our approach is to reduce the duty cycle of the UV light as much as possible to prolong the lifetime of the used optics. The low duty cycle is achieved by ramping the cavity into resonance for a short time during the experimental cycle when the light is used and tuning it to an off-resonant state otherwise.

A feature-based qualitative assessment of smoking cessation mobile applications.

Understanding users' acceptance of smoking cessation interventions features is a precursor to mobile cessation apps' uptake and use. We gauged perceptions of three features of smoking cessation mobile interventions (self-monitoring, tailored feedback and support, educational content) and their design in two smoking cessation apps, Quit Journey and QuitGuide, among young adults with low socioeconomic status (SES) who smoke. A convenience sample of 38 current cigarette smokers 18-29-years-old who wanted to quit and were non-college-educated nor currently enrolled in a four-year college participated in 12 semi-structured virtual focus group discussions on GoTo Meeting.

The risk of revision surgery after trainee-led primary total hip replacement.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of operating surgeon grade and level of supervision on the incidence of one-year patient mortality and all-cause revision following elective primary total hip replacement (THR).

Methods: National Joint Registry data from 2005 to 2020 for a single University Teaching Hospital were used, with analysis performed on the 15-year dataset divided into 5-year block periods (B1, 2005-2010; B2, 2010-2015; B3, 2015-2020). Outcome measures were mortality and revision surgery at one year, in relation to lead surgeon grade, and level of supervision for trainee-led (TL) operations.

Perceptions of the Use of Mobile Technologies for Smoking Cessation: Focus Group Study With Individuals of Low Socioeconomic Status Who Smoke.

Background: The use of mobile technologies to deliver behavioral health interventions, including smoking cessation support, has grown. Users' perceptions are important determinants of the adoption and use of new technologies. However, little is known about users' perceptions of mobile technologies as smoking cessation aids, particularly among disadvantaged individuals who smoke.

Quality risk management and data integrity in R&D laboratories supporting CMC lifecycle of biological products.

The development of pharmaceutical products is the critical bridge that moves a potential new medicine from academic discovery to applied treatment of patients. It translates an idea for a new drug to bench-level research on how it can be manufactured, formulated, characterized and controlled for use in non-clinical and early clinical trials. From pre-clinical R&D discovery work through the commercial launch, substantial R&D CMC data is generated to develop and optimize cGMP manufacturing and testing operations, while also supporting product comparability, elucidating product / impurity structures, assessing critical quality attributes, developing the drug delivery mode, and developing the product formulation for long-term stability.

Selective advantage of mutant stem cells in human clonal hematopoiesis is associated with attenuated response to inflammation and aging.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) arises when hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire mutations, most frequently in the DNMT3A and TET2 genes, conferring a competitive advantage through mechanisms that remain unclear. To gain insight into how CH mutations enable gradual clonal expansion, we used single-cell multi-omics with high-fidelity genotyping on human CH bone marrow (BM) samples. Most of the selective advantage of mutant cells occurs within HSCs.

Early radiological outcomes of a fully porous bridging collar in lower-limb endoprosthetic reconstructions: a case-matched retrospective series to assess osseointegration.

Background: Limb-salvage surgery involving the utilization of endoprosthetic replacements is commonly employed following segmental bone resection for primary and secondary bone tumors. This study aimed to evaluate whether a fully porous bridging collar promotes early osseous integration in endoprosthetic replacements.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of all lower-limb endoprostheses utilizing a fully porous endosteal bridging collar design.

Polyethylene bearing wear is comparable for cemented and cementless Oxford unicompartmental knee replacements: Ten-year results of a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: There is concern that using cementless components may increase polyethylene wear of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR). Therefore, this study aimed to measure bearing wear at 10 years in patients from a randomized trial comparing Phase 3 cemented and cementless OUKRs and to investigate factors that may affect wear. It was hypothesized that there would be no difference in wear rate between cemented and cementless OUKRs.

Frequent microbiological profile changes are seen in subsequent-revision hip and knee arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection.

A proportion of patients with hip and knee prosthetic joint infection (PJI) undergo multiple revisions with the aim of eradicating infection and improving quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiology cultured from multiply revised hip and knee replacement procedures to guide antimicrobial therapy at the time of surgery. : Consecutive patients were retrospectively identified from databases at two specialist orthopaedic centres in the United Kingdom between 2011 and 2019.

Epidemiology of revision hip replacement surgery in the UK over the past 15 years-an analysis from the National Joint Registry.

Objectives: To investigate trends in the incidence rate and main indication for revision hip replacement (rHR) over the past 15 years in the UK.

Design: Repeated national cross-sectional study from 2006 to 2020.

Setting/participants: rHR procedures were identified from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and the States of Guernsey.

Hyperinsulinemia Impairs Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of the Insulin Receptor and Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Brain Endothelial Cells.

Adequate perfusion of cerebral tissues, which is necessary for the preservation of optimal brain health, depends on insulin signaling within brain endothelial cells. Proper insulin signaling relies on the regulated internalization of insulin bound to the insulin receptor, a process which is disrupted by hyperinsulinemia via an unknown mechanism. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize the impact of hyperinsulinemia on the regulation of molecular targets involved in cerebral blood flow and insulin receptor internalization into brain endothelial cells.

Correcting Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra for Baseline Artifacts.

Rayleigh and Mie light scattering from particulates, soluble protein aggregates, or large proteins can lead to inaccuracy of concentration measurements using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and Beer's Law. While a number of light scattering correction equations have been proposed in the literature, they can also lead to incorrect values if samples vary in particulate and/or soluble aggregate levels or depart in other ways from which the equations were developed. We propose a curve-fitting baseline subtraction approach based on fundamental Rayleigh and Mie scattering equations which also factors in instrument baseline artifacts.

Correction: The Li + CaF → Ca + LiF chemical reaction under cold conditions.

Correction for 'The Li + CaF → Ca + LiF chemical reaction under cold conditions' by Humberto da Silva Jr , , 2023, , 14193-14205, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP01464A.

Does a novel bridging collar in endoprosthetic replacement optimise the mechanical environment for osseointegration? A finite element study.

Limb-salvage surgery using endoprosthetic replacements (EPRs) is frequently used to reconstruct segmental bone defects, but the reconstruction longevity is still a major concern. In EPRs, the stem-collar junction is the most critical region for bone resorption. We hypothesised that an in-lay collar would be more likely to promote bone ongrowth in Proximal Femur Reconstruction (PFR), and we tested this hypothesis through validated Finite Element (FE) analyses simulating the maximum load during walking.

The Outcomes of Hip and Knee Fungal Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Fungal infections are a rare cause of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), identified in 1% of all of these cases. Outcomes are not well-established due to small cohort sizes in the published literature. The aims of this study were to establish the patient demographics and infection-free survival of patients presenting to 2 high-volume revision arthroplasty centers who had fungal infection of either a hip or knee arthroplasty.

The Li + CaF → Ca + LiF chemical reaction under cold conditions.

The calcium monofluoride (CaF) molecule has emerged as a promising candidate for precision measurements, quantum simulation, and ultracold chemistry experiments. Inelastic and reactive collisions of laser cooled CaF molecules in optical tweezers have recently been reported and collisions of cold Li atoms with CaF are of current experimental interest. In this paper, we report electronic structure and full-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of the Li + CaF → LiF + Ca chemical reaction.

Signatures of Non-universal Quantum Dynamics of Ultracold Chemical Reactions of Polar Alkali Dimer Molecules with Alkali Metal Atoms: Li(S) + NaLi(Σ) → Na(S) + Li(Σ).

Ultracold chemical reactions of weakly bound triplet-state alkali metal dimer molecules have recently attracted much experimental interest. We perform rigorous quantum scattering calculations with a new potential energy surface to explore the chemical reaction of spin-polarized NaLi(Σ) and Li(S) to form Li(Σ) and Na(S). The reaction is exothermic and proceeds readily at ultralow temperatures.

Osteoarthritis: a narrative review of molecular approaches to disease management.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive degenerative whole joint disease that affects the articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, and synovium. While it is still believed to be a mechanically driven disease, the role of underlying co-existing inflammatory processes and mediators in the onset of OA and its progression is now more appreciated. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a subtype of OA that occurs secondary to traumatic joint insults and is widely used in pre-clinical models to help understand OA in general.

Validating the accuracy of a novel virtual reality platform for determining implant orientation in simulated primary total hip replacement.

Introduction: Accurate acetabular cup and femoral stem component orientation are critical for optimising patient outcomes, reducing complications and increasing component longevity following total hip replacement (THR). This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a novel virtual reality (VR) platform in assessing component orientation in a simulated THR model.

Methods: The VR platform (HTC Vive Pro® system hardware) was compared against the validated Vicon® optical motion capture (MoCap) system.

Molecular dynamics on quantum annealers.

In this work we demonstrate a practical prospect of using quantum annealers for simulation of molecular dynamics. A methodology developed for this goal, dubbed Quantum Differential Equations (QDE), is applied to propagate classical trajectories for the vibration of the hydrogen molecule in several regimes: nearly harmonic, highly anharmonic, and dissociative motion. The results obtained using the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer are all consistent and quickly converge to the analytical reference solution.

Impact of age on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for late knee osteoarthritis (OA). Young age (< 60 years) has been associated with worse outcomes. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the effect of age on UKA outcomes.

Utility of pre-operative haemoglobin concentration to guide peri-operative blood tests for hip and knee arthroplasty: A decision curve analysis.

Objective: Assess the prognostic value of pre-operative haemoglobin concentration (Hb) for identifying patients who develop severe post-operative anaemia or require blood transfusion following primary total hip or knee, or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA, UKA).

Background: Pre-operative group and save (G&S), and post-operative Hb measurement may be unnecessary for many patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty provided individuals at greatest risk of severe post-operative anaemia can be identified.

Methods And Materials: Patients undergoing THA, TKA, or UKA between 2011 and 2018 were included.

Sampling electronic structure quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems (QUBOs) with Ocean and Mukai solvers.

The most advanced D-Wave Advantage quantum annealer has 5000+ qubits, however, every qubit is connected to a small number of neighbors. As such, implementation of a fully-connected graph results in an order of magnitude reduction in qubit count. To compensate for the reduced number of qubits, one has to rely on special heuristic software such as qbsolv, the purpose of which is to decompose a large quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem into smaller pieces that fit onto a quantum annealer.