Atypical thyroid cancers on sonography.

The management of thyroid nodules is a common clinical problem. Thyroid nodules are present in up to 50% of the adult population. However, thyroid malignancy is rare, occurring in only 5% to 15% of nodules.

Lack of KIT or FMS internal tandem duplications but co-expression with ligands in AML.

KIT and FMS, members of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase family, are expressed on normal hematopoietic cells and have important roles in normal hematopoiesis. FLT3 is also a member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase family and plays important role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, NK, and dendritic cells. Recently, internal tandem duplication (ITDs) mutations have been found in the juxtamembrane (JM) region of FLT3 receptor expressed by patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).