Comparing bullying to ACEs in the national survey of children's health: Examining 2016-2019 prevalence trends among children and adolescents.

Objectives: To estimate adverse childhood experience (ACE) prevalence among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the United States, to examine factors influencing the prevalence of ACEs over the time period 2016-2019, and to examine the difference in bullying trends compared to ACEs in the NSCH.

Participants And Setting: The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) is a cross-sectional survey. Participants included respondents who completed the separate surveys for ages 6-11 and 12-17 from 2016 to 2019.

Does the Heel's Dissipative Energetic Behavior Affect Its Thermodynamic Responses During Walking?

Most of the terrestrial legged locomotion gaits, like human walking, necessitate energy dissipation upon ground collision. In humans, the heel mostly performs net-negative work during collisions, and it is currently unclear how it dissipates that energy. Based on the laws of thermodynamics, one possibility is that the net-negative collision work may be dissipated as heat.

Step width variability as a discriminator of age-related gait changes.

Background: There is scientific evidence that older adults aged 65 and over walk with increased step width variability which has been associated with risk of falling. However, there are presently no threshold levels that define the optimal reference range of step width variability. Thus, the purpose of our study was to estimate the optimal reference range for identifying older adults with normative and excessive step width variability.

Strength of Plantar- and Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During a High Cognitive Load Situation in a Cross-sectional Cohort of Older and Younger Adults.

Background And Purpose: Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life.

Subjects With COPD Walk With Less Consistent Organization of Movement Patterns of the Lower Extremity.

Background: The inherent stride-to-stride fluctuations during walking are altered in the aging population and could provide insight into gait impairments and falls in patients with COPD. Stride-to-stride fluctuations are quantified two ways: variability of the fluctuations (eg, standard deviation), and movement patterns within the fluctuations. Our objective was to investigate stride-to-stride fluctuations by evaluating the variability and movement patterns of lower limb joints in subjects with COPD compared to subjects without COPD as control subjects.

Using Tribal Data Linkages to Improve the Quality of American Indian Cancer Data in Michigan.

This study examines the extent to which data linkages between Indian Health Service, tribal data, and cancer registries affect cancer incidence rates among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) in Michigan. The incidence of tobacco- and alcohol-associated cancers for 1995-2012 was analyzed to compare rates of the Upper Peninsula (UP) and Lower Peninsula (LP) in Michigan and among AI/ANs and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Complete linkage resulted in 1,352 additional AI/AN cases; 141 cases were linked via IHS records alone, while 373 were linked via tribal records alone; 838 were linked through both IHS and tribal records.

Oxidative Stress Levels Throughout Pregnancy, at Birth, and in the Neonate.

Background: Oxidative stress is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. Little is known regarding the longitudinal levels of oxidative stress in the perinatal period or the correlation between maternal and neonatal oxidative stress levels.

Objective: Describe and compare oxidative stress, specifically superoxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels, over the perinatal period.

Energy efficient physiologic coupling of gait and respiration is altered in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Aims: Coupling between walking and breathing in humans is well established. In healthy systems, the ability to couple and uncouple leads to energy economization. It is unknown if physiologic efficiency is susceptible to alteration, particularly in individuals with airflow obstruction.

U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents.

In the United States of America, Medical Examiners and Coroners (ME/Cs) investigate approximately 20% of all deaths. Unexpected deaths, such as those occurring due to a deceased person under investigation for a highly infectious disease, are likely to fall under ME/C jurisdiction, thereby placing the ME/C and other morgue personnel at increased risk of contracting an occupationally acquired infection. This survey of U.

Stride-time variability is related to sensorimotor cortical activation during forward and backward walking.

Previous research has used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to show that motor areas of the cortex are activated more while walking backward compared to walking forward. It is also known that head movement creates motion artifacts in fNIRS data. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical activation during forward and backward walking, while also measuring head movement.

Gait Mechanics Differences Between Healthy Controls and Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease After Adjusting for Gait Velocity Stride Length and Step Width.

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) experience significant leg dysfunction. The effects of PAD on gait include shortened steps, slower walking velocity, and altered gait kinematics and kinetics, which may confound joint torques and power measurements. Spatiotemporal parameters, joint torques and powers were calculated and compared between 20 patients with PAD and 20 healthy controls using independent t-tests.

Predictive Factors for Vestibular Loss in Children With Hearing Loss.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine if there are factors that can predict whether a child with hearing loss will also have vestibular loss.

Method: A retrospective chart review was completed on 186 children with hearing loss seen at Boys Town National Research Hospital for vestibular testing from 1999 to 2015 through neurosensory genetics clinic or cochlear implant candidacy. Each child's medical chart was reviewed to obtain the following data: vestibular loss severity (classified as normal, bilateral, or mild to moderate), degree of hearing loss (bilateral pure-tone average [PTA]), imaging abnormalities (classified as "normal" or "abnormal"), parental concerns for gross motor delay (classified as "yes, there is concern" or "no, there is not a concern"), parent report of age when their child sat (months) and walked independently (months), comorbidities (classified as "yes" if there were 1 or more comorbidities or "no" if there were no comorbidities), and score on the Developmental Profile-3.

Effect of parameter selection on entropy calculation for long walking trials.

It is sometimes difficult to obtain uninterrupted data sets that are long enough to perform nonlinear analysis, especially in pathological populations. It is currently unclear as to how many data points are needed for reliable entropy analysis. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of changing parameter values of m, r, and N on entropy calculations for long gait data sets using two different modes of walking (i.

Simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of eicosanoids and related metabolites in human serum, sputum and BALF.

The differences among individual eicosanoids in eliciting different physiological and pathological responses are largely unknown because of the lack of valid and simple analytical methods for the quantification of individual eicosanoids and their metabolites in serum, sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Therefore, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 34 eicosanoids in human serum, sputum and BALF was developed and validated. This method is valid and sensitive with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.

Identifying Otosclerosis with Aural Acoustical Tests of Absorbance, Group Delay, Acoustic Reflex Threshold, and Otoacoustic Emissions.

Background: Otosclerosis is a progressive middle-ear disease that affects conductive transmission through the middle ear. Ear-canal acoustic tests may be useful in the diagnosis of conductive disorders. This study addressed the degree to which results from a battery of ear-canal tests, which include wideband reflectance, acoustic stapedius muscle reflex threshold (ASRT), and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), were effective in quantifying a risk of otosclerosis and in evaluating middle-ear function in ears after surgical intervention for otosclerosis.

Relative contributions of specific frequency bands to the loudness of broadband sounds.

Listeners with normal hearing (NH) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were asked to compare pairs of noise stimuli and choose the louder noise in each pair. Each noise was made up of 15, two-ERB (equivalent rectangular bandwidth) wide frequency bands that varied independently over a 12-dB range from one presentation to the next. Mean levels of the bands followed the long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS) or were set to 43, 51, or 59 dB sound pressure level (SPL).

Ultraviolet (UV)-reflective paint with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) improves decontamination of nosocomial bacteria on hospital room surfaces.

An ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) generator (the TORCH, ClorDiSys Solutions, Inc.) was used to compare the disinfection of surface coupons (plastic from a bedrail, stainless steel, and chrome-plated light switch cover) in a hospital room with walls coated with ultraviolet (UV)-reflective paint (Lumacept) or standard paint. Each surface coupon was inoculated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), placed at 6 different sites within a hospital room coated with UV-reflective paint or standard paint, and treated by 10 min UVC exposure (UVC dose of 0-688 mJ/cm between sites with standard paint and 0-553 mJ/cm with UV-reflective paint) in 8 total trials.

Children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy may not benefit from stochastic vibration when developing independent sitting.

Purpose: Determine sitting postural control changes for children with cerebral palsy (CP), using a perceptual-motor intervention and the same intervention plus stochastic vibration through the sitting surface.

Methods: Two groups of children with moderate or severe CP participated in the 12 week interventions. The primary outcome measure was center of pressure data from which linear and nonlinear variables were extracted and the gross motor function measure (GMFM).

Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Walk with Altered Step Time and Step Width Variability as Compared with Healthy Control Subjects.

Rationale: Compared with control subjects, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased incidence of falls and demonstrate balance deficits and alterations in mediolateral trunk acceleration while walking. Measures of gait variability have been implicated as indicators of fall risk, fear of falling, and future falls.

Objectives: To investigate whether alterations in gait variability are found in patients with COPD as compared with healthy control subjects.

Depression and survival in head and neck cancer patients.

Objective: Though depression often afflicts head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, few studies have examined the association between depression and survival in this particular cancer population. The objective of this study is to investigate the five-year survival of HNC patients by depression status.

Materials And Methods: This study used SEER-Medicare data from 2002-2010 and identified depression diagnosis two years before and one year after cancer diagnosis.

Association of a Frailty Screening Initiative With Postoperative Survival at 30, 180, and 365 Days.

Importance: As the US population ages, the number of operations performed on elderly patients will likely increase. Frailty predicts postoperative mortality and morbidity more than age alone, thus presenting opportunities to identify the highest-risk surgical patients and improve their outcomes.

Objective: To examine the effect of the Frailty Screening Initiative (FSI) on mortality and complications by comparing the surgical outcomes of a cohort of surgical patients treated before and after implementation of the FSI.

Development and Initial Validation of the Risk Analysis Index for Measuring Frailty in Surgical Populations.

Importance: Growing consensus suggests that frailty-associated risks should inform shared surgical decision making. However, it is not clear how best to screen for frailty in preoperative surgical populations.

Objective: To develop and validate the Risk Analysis Index (RAI), a 14-item instrument used to measure surgical frailty.

Effects of stimulus level and rate on psychophysical thresholds for interleaved pulse trains in cochlear implants.

This study examined channel interactions using interleaved pulse trains to assess masking and potential facilitative effects in cochlear-implant recipients using clinically relevant stimuli. Psychophysical thresholds were measured for two adjacent mid-array electrodes; one served as the masker and the other as the probe. Two rates representative of those found in present-day strategies were tested: 1700 and 3400 pulses per second per channel.

Step Activity and 6-Minute Walk Test Outcomes When Wearing Low-Activity or High-Activity Prosthetic Feet.

Objective: To determine changes in average daily step count (ADSC) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) due to use of low-activity feet (LA) and high-activity energy-storage-and-return (ESAR) feet, and examine the sensitivity of these measures to properly classify different prosthetic feet.

Design: Individuals with transtibial amputations (n = 28) participated in a 6-week, randomized crossover study. During separate 3-week periods, participants wore either a LA foot (eg, solid-ankle-cushioned-heel) or an ESAR foot.

Population-based retrospective study to investigate preexisting and new depression diagnosis among head and neck cancer patients.

This study aimed to estimate the pre-cancer prevalence and post-cancer incidence of depression in older adult head and neck cancer patients. Using SEER-Medicare files, cancer was identified from SEER data and depression diagnosis was identified using Medicare claims. Of 3533 head and neck cancer patients, 10.