Prophylactic Tranexamic Acid Prevents Postpartum Hemorrhage and Transfusions in Cesarean Deliveries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide and PPH resulting in transfusion is the most common maternal morbidity in the United States. Literature demonstrates that tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce blood loss in cesarean deliveries; however, there is little consensus on the impact on major morbidities like PPH and transfusions. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate if administration of prophylactic intravenous (IV) TXA prevents PPH and/or transfusions following low-risk cesarean delivery.

The history of medical education: a commentary on race.

The institution of medicine was built on a foundation of racism and segregation, the consequences of which still permeate the experiences of Black physicians and patients. To predict the future direction of medical inclusivity, we must first understand the history of medicine as it pertains to race, diversity, and equity. In this Commentary, we review material from publicly available books, articles, and media outlets in a variety of areas, including undergraduate medical education and professional medical societies, where we found an abundance of policies and practices that created a foundation of systemic racism in medical training that carried through the career paths of Black physicians.

Cesarean wound closure in body mass index 40 or greater comparing suture to staples: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure performed in the United States. Women with class III obesity have an increased risk of cesarean delivery and have wound complication rates higher than healthy body mass index counterparts. Available evidence regarding optimal wound closure is lacking specific to the population of women with class III obesity despite a known increased rate of wound complications.

Review and Study of Uterine Bioelectrical Waveforms and Vector Analysis to Identify Electrical and Mechanosensitive Transduction Control Mechanisms During Labor in Pregnant Patients.

The bioelectrical signals that produce uterine contractions during parturition are not completely understood. The objectives are as follows: (1) to review the literature and information concerning uterine biopotential waveforms generated by the uterus, known to produce contractions, and evaluate mechanotransduction in pregnant patients using electromyographic (EMG) recording methods and (2) to study a new approach, uterine vector analysis, commonly used for the heart: vectorcardiography analysis. The patients used in this study were as follows: (1) patients at term not in labor (n = 3); (2) patients during the 1st stage of labor at cervical dilations from 2 to 10 cm (n = 30); and (3) patients in the 2nd stage of labor and during delivery (n = 3).

Osteopathic Considerations for the Pregnant Patient with COVID-19.

In any given year, approximately 130 million babies are born worldwide. Previous research has shown that pregnant women may be more severely affected and vulnerable to contracting emerging infections, making them a particularly high-risk population. Therefore, special considerations should be given to treatment methods for pregnant women with COVID-19.

Trauma in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Approach to the Mother and Fetus.

Trauma is a significant contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity and death in the United States. The nature of the evaluation of the pregnant trauma patient is intense and multidisciplinary. Although it invites unique opportunities for collaboration with our surgical colleagues, it also increases the risk of misunderstanding and conflict.

Individual differences in contextual storage: evidence from the list-strength effect.

Strengthening some items in a list of words impairs free recall of the remaining items in the list-a phenomenon known as the list-strength effect (LSE; e.g., Tulving & Hastie, 1972).

Subcutaneous pellet testosterone replacement therapy: the "first steps" in treating men with spinal cord injuries.

The authors describe the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with hormone level concerns 6 months after a rock climbing accident that resulted in paraplegia. Hypogonadism was diagnosed, and the patient received subcutaneous pellet testosterone replacement therapy. Within 6 months, the patient had substantial improvement in muscle function and was able to take several steps with the assistance of crutches or a walker.