CSF and serum inflammatory response and association with outcomes in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with intraventricular extension: an analysis of the CLEAR-III Trial.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in a cascade of inflammatory cell activation with recruitment of peripheral leukocytes to the brain parenchyma and surrounding the hematoma. We hypothesized that in patients with ICH and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), a robust cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory response occurs with leukocyte subtypes being affected by alteplase treatment and contributing to outcomes.

Methods: Serum and CSF cell counts from patients in the phase 3 Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III) trial were analyzed.

Is There an Opportunity for Current Chemotherapeutics to Up-regulate MIC-A/B Ligands?

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of the immune system. NK cells recognize unhealthy cells by specific ligands [e.g.