Synthetic cannabinoid CP-55,940 induces apoptosis in a human skeletal muscle model via regulation of CB receptors and L-type Ca channels.

Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in patients who abuse synthetic cannabinoids. However, no studies have yet assessed whether these cases reflect the direct cytotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids on skeletal muscle, a possibility that the present study sought to address. Specifically, this study investigated the cytotoxicity of the synthetic cannabinoid CP-55,940, a compound that acts equally on both types of cannabinoid receptors (CB and CB), in a human embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell line.

Oesophagobronchial perforations after placement of an oesophageal self-expanding metallic stent.

An oesophageal fully covered self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) was placed in a 54-year-old Japanese man to relieve dysphagia owing to a stage cT1bN3M1c lung adenocarcinoma. High expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 was microscopically confirmed, and pembrolizumab was subsequently administered. Several days later, the patient was hospitalized with septic shock, and severe mediastinitis and pneumonia caused by oesophageal SEMS-induced oesophageal and bronchial perforations were observed.

[Dependence and Cytotoxicity of Components of Cannabis].

Cannabis use among the younger population in Japan has been steadily increasing. The aim of the present review is to highlight recent knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of action and health risks associated with cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid consumption. We investigated the effects of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and synthetic cannabinoids on place conditioning in ICR mice.

[Present Conditions of Marijuana Regulation in USA: Medical and Recreational Use].

In most countries marijuana is regulated by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In Japan marijuana use is illegal under the Marijuana Control Law. In USA, marijuana is also classified as a schedule I drug, which is the most stringent regulation category under federal law.

Cytotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids on primary neuronal cells of the forebrain: the involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and apoptotic cell death.

The abuse of herbal products containing synthetic cannabinoids has become an issue of public concern. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the acute cytotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids on mouse brain neuronal cells. Cytotoxicity induced by synthetic cannabinoid (CP-55,940, CP-47,497, CP-47,497-C8, HU-210, JWH-018, JWH-210, AM-2201, and MAM-2201) was examined using forebrain neuronal cultures.

[Empyema from spontaneous esophageal rupture treated by thoracoscopic surgery].

A 61-year-old man who had been admitted for vomiting and abdominal pain 5 days before at another hospital was transferred to our hospital. He was diagnosed as pyo-pneumothorax, and chest drainage was initiated. Seven days after admission, food residue was observed in the drainage tube.

[Drug discrimination properties and cytotoxicity of the cannabinoid receptor ligands].

The worldwide distribution of smokable herbal mixtures called "Spice" that contain synthetic cannabinoids with a pharmacological activity similar to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) has been reported. The synthetic cannabinoids induce behavior and have biochemical properties similar to naturally occurring cannabinoids such as delta 9-THC. In drug discrimination procedures, animal behavior is differentially reinforced depending on the presence or absence of specific drug stimuli.

Meta-analysis of therapeutic procedures for acquired subglottic stenosis in adults.

Background: Treatment for adult subglottic stenosis is technically demanding and no therapeutic algorithm exists. We performed the present meta-analysis of treatment for this condition in an attempt to compare efficacy on the basis of type of procedure.

Methods: We identified 24 eligible retrospective studies reporting the therapeutic results for inclusion criteria.

Mechanism underlying the olfactory disturbance induced by an intraperitoneal injection of tributyltin chloride in rats.

Acute intoxication by tributyltin compounds has been known to induce olfactory disturbances, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the acute effect of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) on the olfactory bulb in rats. The time-course characteristics of the intra-olfactory concentration of TBTC, the histopathological changes of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory function were examined for 96 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of 2.

[Analytical method for tributyltin and triphenyltin contained in household products-preparing for the revision of authorized analytical method-].

In preparing for the revision of the authorized analytical method for tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT), which are banned from using according to the "Act on the Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances", an examination was conducted on the detection method of these substances using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), after derivatizing them (ethyl-derivatizing method and hydrogen-derivatizing method). Ethyl-derivatized compounds had stability, which enabled the detection of TPT with a higher sensitivity. In addition, a preparation suitable for the following analytical objects was established: (1) textile products, (2) water-based products (such as water-based paint), (3) oil-based products (such as wax), and (4) adhesives.

Relevant use of Klotho in FGF19 subfamily signaling system in vivo.

Alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and its homolog, beta-Klotho (beta-Kl) are key regulators of mineral homeostasis and bile acid/cholesterol metabolism, respectively. FGF15/ humanFGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, members of the FGF19 subfamily, are believed to act as circulating metabolic regulators. Analyses of functional interactions between alpha- and beta-Kl and FGF19 factors in wild-type, alpha-kl(-/-), and beta-kl(-/-) mice revealed a comprehensive regulatory scheme of mineral homeostasis involving the mutually regulated positive/negative feedback actions of alpha-Kl, FGF23, and 1,25(OH)(2)D and an analogous regulatory network composed of beta-Kl, FGF15/humanFGF19, and bile acids that regulate bile acid/cholesterol metabolism.

alpha-Klotho as a regulator of calcium homeostasis.

alpha-klotho was identified as a gene associated with premature aging-like phenotypes characterized by short lifespan. In mice, we found the molecular association of alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and provide evidence for an increase of abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase at the plasma membrane. Low concentrations of extracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]e) rapidly induce regulated parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion in an alpha-Kl- and Na+,K+-ATPase-dependent manner.