Endometrial cancer with a POLE mutation progresses frequently through the type I pathway despite its high-grade endometrioid morphology: a cohort study at a single institution in Japan.

POLE-mutated endometrial cancer (EC) frequently shows high-grade endometrioid histology, which represents heterogeneity in the dualistic classification of EC. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathology and pathogenesis of POLE-mutated EC due to the scarcity of related information for Asian women. POLE variants were sequenced in tissues of Japanese women with EC.

Serum Prolactin Contributes to Enhancing Prolactin Receptor and pJAK2 in Type I Endometrial Cancer Cells in Young Women Without Insulin Resistance.

Elevated levels of serum prolactin and a high expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) in cancer cells was recently identified in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). However, the impact of prolactin on EC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and immunohistochemical characteristics of hyperprolactinemic patients with EC according to the pathogenetic types, type I and type II.

Ascending colon cancer with synchronous external iliac and inguinal lymph node metastases but without regional lymph node metastasis: a case report and brief literature review.

Lymph node metastasis to the iliac or inguinal region of colon cancer is extremely rare. We experienced a case of ascending colon cancer with synchronous isolated right external iliac and inguinal lymph node metastases but without any regional lymph node metastasis. An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to anemia.

Small bowel perforation due to indistinguishable metastasis of angiosarcoma: case report and brief literature review.

Intestinal metastasis of angiosarcoma is extremely rare. We herein report a case of intestinal perforation due to intestinal metastasis of angiosarcoma. The patient was a 72-year-old Japanese man with multiple recurrent angiosarcomas of the scalp.

Pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma: report of a case.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare neoplasm with aberrant hepatocellular differentiation. HAC occurs in extrahepatic organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, testes, ovaries, and lungs and frequently produces alpha-fetoprotein. A 69-year-old patient was diagnosed clinically with T2aN0M0, stage IB, non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Angiopoietin-like protein 2 increases renal fibrosis by accelerating transforming growth factor-β signaling in chronic kidney disease.

Renal fibrosis is a common pathological consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with tissue fibrosis closely associated with chronic inflammation in numerous pathologies. However, molecular mechanisms underlying that association, particularly in the kidney, remain unclear. Here, we determine whether there is a molecular link between chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis in CKD progression.

Repeated hepatic resections and radio-frequency ablations may improve the survival of adult undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: report of two cases.

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) in adults, especially over 30 years old, is quite rare. We report two adult UESL patients that one of them survived 62 months and one is now surviving more than 65 months treated with repeated hepatic resections and radio-frequency ablations. Although UESL is an entirely unusual and aggressive tumor, multidisciplinary treatments including repeated hepatic resections and radio-frequency ablations may provide a longer survival.

Hepatic angiomyolipoma with special attention to radiologic imaging.

Background: Angiomyolipoma is a unique mesenchymal neoplasm composed of blood vessels as well as smooth muscle and adipose cells. The liver is a less common site of origin, and hepatic angiomyolipoma is often an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging or is identified on evaluation of nonspecific symptoms.

Case Presentation: We experienced four patients who were diagnosed histologically with hepatic angiomyolipoma.

Prediction of sentinel lymph node status using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging of breast cancer.

Purpose: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) improves the anatomical identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SNs). We aimed to evaluate the possibility of predicting the SN status using SPECT/CT.

Methods: SN mapping using a SPECT/CT system was performed in 381 cases of clinically node-negative, operable invasive breast cancer.

Molecular Characteristics of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Analysis of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA Mutations and LINE-1 Methylation.

Background: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a rare carcinoma with distinct characteristics, and was recently recognized as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously revealed genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with esophageal SCCs in relation to clinical outcome, including mutations in KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA, p53 expression, and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation, a surrogate marker for global DNA methylation level. In this study, we explored these features in BSCC.

Interstitial Fluid Pressure Correlates Clinicopathological Factors of Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Solid tumors show increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), which correlates to a number of pathophysiological features of tumors. There have been no reports on the usefulness of measuring IFP in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between IFP and the clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer.

A patient with medulloblastoma in its early developmental stage.

Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor of the posterior fossa in children and is considered an embryonal tumor. It has been suggested that medulloblastomas be categorized into 4 distinct molecular subgroups- WNT (DKK1), SHH (SFRP1), Group 3 (NPR3), or Group 4 (KCNA1)-since each subgroup is distinct and there is no overlap. The authors report on a 13-year-old boy with medulloblastoma.

[Regression of primary rectal MALT lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication].

A 74-year-old-man was referred to our hospital to undergo examination and therapy for a rectal polypoid lesion. MALT lymphoma of the rectum (stage IE) was diagnosed by performing a biopsy of the tumor during colonoscopy. The patient received eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori (H.

EZH2 is associated with malignant behavior in pancreatic IPMN via p27Kip1 downregulation.

Background: The epigenetic mechanism of tumorigenesis in pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the role of enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) alteration in pancreatic IPMN progression.

Methods: Fifty-four surgically resected pancreatic IPMN specimens, including a total of 181 lesions (normal duct in 48, adenoma in 50, borderline atypia in 53, carcinoma in situ (CIS) in 19, and invasive carcinoma in 11) were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (EZH2, Ki-67, p27Kip1).

Dystrophic calcinosis with both a huge calcified mass in the cervical spine and calcification in the chest wall in a patient with rheumatoid overlap syndrome.

Dystrophic calcinosis in soft tissue occurs in damaged or devitalized tissues in the presence of normal calcium and phosphorous metabolism. It is often noted in subcutaneous tissues in patients with collagen vascular diseases and may involve a relatively localized area or be widespread. A 74-year-old Japanese woman with an overlap of rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and systemic sclerosis developed a huge tumor-like mass at the atlanto-axial vertebral joint region that caused severe cervical pain and difficulty in activities of daily living.

PTIP associated protein 1, PA1, is an independent prognostic factor for lymphnode negative breast cancer.

Pax transactivation domain interacting protein (PTIP) associated protein 1, PA1, was a newly found protein participating in the modulation of transactivity of nuclear receptor super family members such as estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Breast cancer is one of the most life threatening diseases for women and has tight association with estrogen and ER. This study was performed to understand the function of PA1 in breast cancer.

Pancreatic metastasis from mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a case report.

Metastatic cancers of the pancreas are rare, accounting for approximately 2-4% of all pancreatic malignancies. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common solid tumor that metastasizes to the pancreas. Here, we present a case of uterine cervical carcinoma metastasizing to the pancreas and review the literature regarding this rare event.

Intra-abdominal mucinous adenocarcinoma of urachal origin: report of a case.

Intra-abdominal mucinous cystic tumors can be difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We report a case of histologically diagnosed primary urachal adenocarcinoma: a rare type of bladder tumor. This case report is interesting for clinicians.

Divisional role of quantitative HER2 testing in breast cancer.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is amplified in human breast cancers in which therapy targeted to HER2 significantly improves patient outcome. We re-visited the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assays using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues as alternative methods and investigated their particular clinical relevance.

Methods: DNA and RNA were isolated from FFPE specimens and HER2 status was assessed by qPCR in 249 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer.

Hidradenocarcinoma showing prominent mucinous and squamous differentiation and associated pagetoid cells.

Herein, we report a 63-year-old man presenting with hidradenocarcinoma showing prominent mucinous and squamous differentiation on his back. The tumor was dermal-based, solid and cystic. Tumor cells with squamous differentiation and with keratin pearl formation were identified predominantly in the superficial dermis, and mucinous cells were identified principally in the cystic lesion in the deep dermis.

Primary hepatic gastrinoma as an unusual manifestation of zollinger-ellison syndrome.

We report a rare case of primary hepatic gastrinoma. A 77-year-old woman exhibited continuous watery diarrhea for 8 months and weight loss. Bacterial cultures of the stools were negative and colonoscopy revealed no abnormalities.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with extensive intraepithelial extension.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is an exceedingly rare tumor. The prognosis of PMME is very poor, and the 5-year survival rate is only 2.2% due to its aggressive biologic character.

Usefulness of immunohistochemical expression analysis of metabolic-related molecules in differentiating between intracranial neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.

As the histologic features of reactive glial proliferation seen in many non-neoplastic lesions and of diffusely infiltrating gliomas overlap, tumor-specific diagnostic markers are needed. A mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), the enzyme involved in lipid metabolism and glucose sensing, has been identified in a variety of diffuse gliomas. The expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), the enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids, has been examined in several types of tumors including high-grade meningiomas, but not or less examined in normal tissues and benign tumors.