Cutibacterium acnes invades prostate epithelial cells to induce BRCAness as a possible pathogen of prostate cancer.

Background: Abundant evidence suggests that chronic inflammation is linked to prostate cancer and that infection is a possible cause of prostate cancer.

Methods: To identify microbiota or pathogens associated with prostate cancer, we investigated the transcriptomes of 20 human prostate cancer tissues. We performed de novo assembly of nonhuman sequences from RNA-seq data.

PLRP2 selectively localizes synaptic membrane proteins via acyl-chain remodeling of phospholipids.

The plasma membrane of neurons consists of distinct domains, each of which carries specialized functions and a characteristic set of membrane proteins. While this compartmentalized membrane organization is essential for neuronal functions, it remains controversial how neurons establish these domains on the laterally fluid membrane. Here, using immunostaining, lipid-MS analysis and gene ablation with the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we report that the pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2), a phospholipase A1 (PLA1), is a key organizer of membrane protein localization at the neurite tips of PC12 cells.

Rationale for Determining the Functional Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preventing Regulated Cell Death for Therapeutic Use.

Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are being investigated for treating degenerative and inflammatory disorders because of their reparative and immunomodulatory properties. Intricate mechanisms relate cell death processes with immune responses, which have implications for degenerative and inflammatory conditions. We review the therapeutic value of MSCs in terms of preventing regulated cell death (RCD).

Morphogenetic and molecular analyses of cyst wall components in the ciliated protozoan Colpoda cucullus Nag-1.

The cyst wall of the resting cyst of the ciliated protozoan Colpoda cucullus (Nag-1 strain) is composed of several layers of endocyst, a single layer of ectocyst associated with a mucous layer and lepidosomes composed of a fibrous or crystal-like structure. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the ectocyst associated with lepidosomes and mucous materials contained proteins corresponding to 27, 31, 45 kDa and smear bands ranging from 50 to 60 kDa. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of these proteins revealed that the 45-kDa protein (p45) was elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu).

Endocytosis of indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles by macrophages provokes pyroptosis requiring NLRP3-ASC-Caspase1 axis that can be prevented by mesenchymal stem cells.

The biological effects of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) are of considerable importance because workers exposed to indium compounds have been diagnosed with interstitial lung disease or pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; however, the pathophysiology of these diseases is undefined. Here, mice intraperitoneally inoculated with ITO-nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) resulted in peritonitis dependent in NLRP3 inflammasome, with neutrophils recruitment and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. Withal peritoneal macrophages exposed ex vivo to ITO-NPs caused IL-1β secretion and cytolysis.

Overexpression of NF90-NF45 Represses Myogenic MicroRNA Biogenesis, Resulting in Development of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Centronuclear Muscle Fibers.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the progression and suppression of various diseases through translational inhibition of target mRNAs. Therefore, the alteration of miRNA biogenesis induces several diseases. The nuclear factor 90 (NF90)-NF45 complex is known as a negative regulator in miRNA biogenesis.

CENP-32 is required to maintain centrosomal dominance in bipolar spindle assembly.

Centrosomes nucleate spindle formation, direct spindle pole positioning, and are important for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis in most animal cells. We previously reported that centromere protein 32 (CENP-32) is required for centrosome association with spindle poles during metaphase. In this study, we show that CENP-32 depletion seems to release centrosomes from bipolar spindles whose assembly they had previously initiated.

Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a semi-transparent bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and description of Arenicellaceae fam. nov. and Arenicellales ord. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, mesophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain 2-9(T), was isolated from surface seawater at Muroto city, Kochi prefecture, Japan. The strain was transparent on 1/5 strength marine broth plate but became easily visible when the plate was supplemented with pyruvate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain fell within the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to the genus Arenicella (92.

Functional compartmentalization of the plasma membrane of neurons by a unique acyl chain composition of phospholipids.

In neurons, the plasma membrane is functionally separated into several distinct segments. Neurons form these domains by delivering selected components to and by confining them within each segment of the membrane. Although some mechanisms of the delivery are elucidated, that of the confinement is unclear.

Histological and clinical study of eyes with true exfoliation and a double-ring sign on the anterior lens capsule.

Objective: To investigate the histological and clinical relation between eyes with true exfoliation (TEX) and a double-ring sign (DRS).

Study Design: Retrospective clinical case study.

Participants: Twenty-four eyes of 22 patients who underwent cataract surgery at Kochi Medical School Hospital and its affiliated hospitals during the period from April 1994 to September 2007.

Efficient elimination of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by cloned lysin derived from bacteriophage phi MR11.

We report the successful purification of a cloned lysin encoded by the novel Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage phi MR11. The lysin, designated MV-L, rapidly and completely lysed cells of a number of S. aureus strains tested, including methicillin-resistant S.

Isolation and characterization of virulent yellowtail ascites virus.

Yellowtail ascites virus (YTAV) is the causative agent of ascites and deformity in fish and causes serious losses to the fish-farming industry of yellowtail fry and fingerling Seriola quinqueradiata in Japan. In 2006, cultured yellowtail died from ascites in Kochi, Japan. We isolated and characterized a virus from the diseased fish.

Xanthoma tissue-extracted LDL density substances are the main inducer of myelin-like bodies and ceroid granules in foam cells.

Characteristic intracellular organelles of the foam cells in xanthoma are composed of membrane-bound lipid vacuoles, membrane-free lipid vacuoles, cholesterol crystals, multivesicular or multilocular lipid bodies, myelin-like bodies, and ceroid granules. We aimed to clarify the formation of myelin-like bodies and ceroid granules in the foam cells of xanthoma. We ultrastructurally examined mouse peritoneal macrophages incubated with human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modified by incubation with xanthoma tissue, with xanthoma tissue-extracted LDL density substances, and with homogenized xanthoma tissue-derived crude material.

IL-5-Induced Eosinophils Suppress the Growth of Leishmania amazonensis In Vivo and Kill Promastigotes In Vitro in Response to Either IL-4 or IFN-gamma.

In IL-5 transgenic mice (C3H/HeN-TgN(IL-5)-Imeg), in which 50% of peripheral blood leukocytes are eosinophils, the development of infection by Leishmania amazonensis was clearly suppressed. To determine mechanistically how this protozoan parasite is killed, we performed in vitro killing experiments. Either IL-4 or IFN-gamma effectively stimulated eosinophils to kill Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, and most of the killing was inhibited by catalase but not by the NO inhibitor L-N5-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine, suggesting that hydrogen peroxide is responsible for the killing of L.

Early interactions of marine birnavirus infection in several fish cell lines.

Marine birnavirus (MABV), a member of the genus Aquabirnavirus, family Birnaviridae, is an unenveloped icosahedral virus with two genomes of double-stranded RNA. The mechanisms of MABV adsorption and penetration are still undetermined. This work examined MABV infection in susceptible and resistant fish cell lines.

Acute ischemia causes 'dark cell' change of strial marginal cells in gerbil cochlea.

The cochlear stria vascularis produces the endolymph and generates the endocochlear DC potential, two indispensable ingredients of an auditory transduction process. The marginal cell, one of the several cell types constituting the stria vascularis, is called 'the dark cell' on the basis of its appearance by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To clarify whether this commonly observed 'dark appearance' is a normal characteristic of marginal cells, as conjectured in the literature, or an experimental artifact, we developed an in vivo fixation method for minimizing ischemic tissue damages.