Improved prognosis of de novo metastatic prostate cancer after an introduction of life-prolonging agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: In Japan, since 2014, new treatments such as androgen receptor signaling inhibitors and cabazitaxel have become applicable for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to dramatic changes in treatment options.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of recent advancements in treatment options on the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in Japan.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2450 Japanese men diagnosed with de novo mCSPC between 2008 and 2018.

Predictive Value of the Prostate-specific Antigen Doubling Time for the Effectiveness of Metastasis-directed Radiotherapy in Patients With Oligometastases After Radical Treatment for Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: Data on metastasis-directed radiotherapy (MDRT) are limited, particularly regarding its association with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time (PSADT). The present study evaluated the oncological outcomes of MDRT on the basis of the PSADT in oligo-recurrent prostate cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 35 MDRTs for 29 patients at the Kitasato University Hospital, targeting oligometastatic prostate cancer developed after radical treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer.

Real-world data on the comprehensive genetic profiling test for Japanese patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objective: comprehensive genomic profiling test has been covered by Japanese health insurance since June 2019. However, no real-world data on the test have been reported with a focus on Japanese patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: we retrospectively reviewed the data of 45 consecutive patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, who underwent the comprehensive genomic profiling tests at Kitasato University Hospital between August 2019 and December 2022.

Dosimetric Predictors of Toxicity after Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: A Single-Institutional Experience of 145 Patients.

The indications for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer have increased. However, the relationships between adverse events and risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify associations between adverse events and dose index for prostate SBRT.

Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer in Japan: 'real-world' consideration of the results from the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference.

A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to manage advanced prostate cancer. The Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) in 2019 provided a practical guide to help clinicians consider therapeutic options in controversial areas, but healthcare systems vary across the world. At the 109th annual meeting of the Japanese Urological Association in December 2021, Japanese urologists voted on the questions in the APCCC 2019 guidelines regarding prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET), management of oligometastatic prostate cancer, management of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), management of a primary tumor in metastatic settings, systemic treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), management of metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), and tumor genomic testing.

Case Reports of Transdermal Fentanyl Patch Administration Difficulties in Cancer Patients with Excess Sweating.

(Case 1) A 45-year-old male was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment was administered using bicalutamide and leuprorelin acetate, while a transdermal fentanyl (TDF) was applied for pain relief. However, TDF continued to peel off owing to excessive sweating, even when reinforced by a protective layer.

Comparative effectiveness of low-dose-rate brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy in favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

We compared clinical outcomes associated with seed brachytherapy (SEED-BT) alone and SEED-BT plus external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer using propensity score-matched analysis. From 2006 to 2011, 993 patients diagnosed with intermediate-risk were treated with either SEED-BT alone (n = 775) or SEED-BT plus EBRT (n = 158) at 3 tertiary hospitals. In the propensity score-matched analysis (102 pairs), median follow-up was 95 months (range 18-153 months).

Cancer-specific and net overall survival in older patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to assess survival outcomes in older patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who initially received androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods: The retrospective multicenter study included 2784 men with metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy between 2008 and 2017. Patients were classified into <75, 75-79, and ≥80 age groups.

Direct comparison of low-dose-rate brachytherapy versus radical prostatectomy using the surgical definition of biochemical recurrence for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Background: We compared the oncological outcomes of patients who received seed brachytherapy (SEED-BT) with those who received radical prostatectomy (RP) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer.

Methods: Candidates were patients treated with either SEED-BT (n = 933) or RP (n = 334). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to adjust the patients' backgrounds.

Efficacy of combined androgen blockade therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer stratified by tumor burden.

Objective: To determine the effect of combined androgen blockade with a first-generation anti-androgen on the prognoses of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients stratified by tumor burden.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients who were treated with androgen deprivation therapy in 2008-2017 at 30 institutions in Japan. To compare the overall survival and progression-free survival rates of the patients treated with castration monotherapy and combined androgen blockade, we carried out a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using both inverse probability of treatment weighting and instrumental variables methods.

Cytopathic effects and local immune responses in repeated neoadjuvant HSV- + ganciclovir gene therapy for prostate cancer.

Objective: Cytopathic effects and local immune response were analyzed histologically in prostatic cancer (PCa) with herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-)/ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy (GT).

Methods: Four high-risk PCa patients who received HSV-/GCV GT were investigated. After two cycles of intraprostatic injection of HSV- and administration of GCV, radical prostatectomy was performed.

Novel metastatic burden-stratified risk model in de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

The metastatic burden is a critical factor for decision-making in the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). This study aimed to develop and validate a novel risk model for survival in patients with de novo low- and high-burden metastatic HSPC. The retrospective observational study included men with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy at 30 institutions across Japan between 2008 and 2017.

Effect of cisplatin on metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with BRCA2 mutation: A case report.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors exhibit strong activity for treating the DNA damage repair defect in patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa). Although conventional DNA-damaging agents can theoretically lead to synthetic antitumoral effects, no report has clearly mentioned the clinical use of cisplatin for treating PCa patients with the breast cancer gene (BRCA)2 mutation. We administered 80 mg/m cisplatin triweekly to a patient with metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) with the BRCA2 mutation, and after ten cycles, the prostate-specific antigen was dramatically decreased.

Efficacy and safety of darolutamide in Japanese patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a sub-group analysis of the phase III ARAMIS trial.

Background: Darolutamide, an oral androgen receptor inhibitor, has been approved for treating nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), based on significant improvements in metastasis-free survival (MFS) in the ARAMIS clinical trial. Efficacy and safety of darolutamide in Japanese patients are reported here.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial, 1509 patients with nmCRPC and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time ≤ 10 months were randomized 2:1 to darolutamide 600 mg twice daily or matched placebo while continuing androgen deprivation therapy.

Differential prognostic factors in low- and high-burden de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients.

Metastatic burden is a critical factor for therapy decision-making in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. The present study aimed to identify prognostic factors in men with high- or low-metastatic burden treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy. The study included 2450 men with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who were treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy at 30 institutions across Japan between 2008 and 2017.

A novel prognostic model for Japanese patients with newly diagnosed bone-metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognosis of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) and develop a novel prognostic model based on ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) risk classifications.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 578 newly diagnosed mHNPC patients initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy. We evaluated three clinical factors, namely, CHAARTED risk classifications (high-volume disease [HVD] vs low-volume disease [LVD]), Gleason scores (GS, 9-10 vs ≤8), and hemoglobin (Hb, ≤13.

Prognostic Value of the LATITUDE and CHAARTED Risk Criteria for Predicting the Survival of Men with Bone Metastatic Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer Treated with Combined Androgen Blockade Therapy: Real-World Data from a Japanese Multi-Institutional Study.

Background: The CHAARTED and LATITUDE trials demonstrated a prolonged overall survival (OS) for metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) patients who receive up-front docetaxel or abiraterone acetate. These studies used their own risk criteria: CHAARTED trial defines high- and low-volume diseases and LATITUDE trial targeting a high-risk disease. The present study explored whether or not the CHAARTED and LATITUDE criteria were useful for predicting the outcome in Japanese bone mHNPC patients, including elderly patients (≥70 years).

Size of pelvic bone metastasis as a significant prognostic factor for metastatic prostate cancer patients.

Introduction: To investigate the potential prognostic value of image analysis of pelvic bone metastasis in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients.

Methods: Data from 69 patients with both bone scintigraphy and pelvic CT images were selected for this analysis. Open source software (3D Slicer version 4.

Pembrolizumab for Treatment-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Multicohort, Open-Label Phase II KEYNOTE-199 Study.

Purpose: Pembrolizumab has previously shown antitumor activity against programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we assessed the antitumor activity and safety of pembrolizumab in three parallel cohorts of a larger mCRPC population.

Methods: The phase II KEYNOTE-199 study included three cohorts of patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel and one or more targeted endocrine therapies.

A phase I dose-escalation trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy using 4 fractions for patients with localized prostate cancer.

Purpose: To report results from our phase I dose-escalation study of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using 4 fractions for patients with localized prostate cancer.

Materials & Methods: Fraction sizes of 8 Gy, 8.5 Gy, and 9 Gy were defined as levels 1, 2, and 3.

Quality of life outcomes after low dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: Current status and future perspectives.

The present review summarizes data from studies reporting on health-related quality of life after brachytherapy and competing modalities. There are various therapeutic modalities for localized prostate cancer, including radical surgery, external beam radiotherapy and active surveillance. Advances in surgical and radiation treatment have entered clinical practice in the form of robot-assisted surgery or intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

[Recurrent Urothelial Carcinoma in the Uretero-Vesical Junction Treated with Partial Ureterectomy and Ureteroneocystostomy during Long-Term Follow-Up : A Case Report].

A 54-year-old woman who had been treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor for nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma approximately nine years before presented with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a papillary tumor at the left side of the ureteral orifice. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1.