Artificial intelligence for the prevention and prediction of colorectal neoplasms.

Background: Colonoscopy is a useful as a cancer screening test. However, in countries with limited medical resources, there are restrictions on the widespread use of endoscopy. Non-invasive screening methods to determine whether a patient requires a colonoscopy are thus desired.

Clinical Phenotype and Segregation of Mitochondrial 3243A>G Mutation in 2 Pairs of Monozygotic Twins.

Importance: The regulatory factors explaining the wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes for mitochondrial 3243A>G mutation are not known. Crosstalk between nuclear genes and mitochondrial DNA might be one factor.

Observations: In this case series, we compared 2 pairs of male twins with the mitochondrial 3243 A>G mutation and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome with a female control patient.

Corpus callosum atrophy in patients with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids: an MRI-based study.

Objective: Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids (HDLS) is an adult-onset white matter disease that presents clinically with cognitive, mental and motor dysfunction. Several autopsy reports have indicated that the corpus callosum (CC), the largest bundle of white matter, is severely affected in patients with HDLS. The aim of this study was to evaluate corpus callosum atrophy (CCA) quantitatively in HDLS patients.

Successful treatment of fulminant pulmonary hemorrhage associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

We report a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed fulminant pulmonary hemorrhage. This patient also showed liver dysfunction, bicytopenia and hyperferritinemia, with an increase in serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at the onset of pulmonary symptoms, probably indicating an associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Despite an acute progressive course temporarily requiring mechanical ventilation the patient was successfully treated with continuous drip infusion of tacrolimus, plasmapheresis and intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin and corticosteroid.

Rheumatoid meningitis: an autopsy report and review of the literature.

We report the clinical and autopsy findings of a 71-year-old Japanese woman with rheumatoid meningitis. This patient developed subacute meningitis during an inactive stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and despite intensive examinations no causative agents or underlying disease could be identified except for RA. Based on persistent hypocomplementaemia and increased serum levels of immune complexes she was suspected of having vasculitis, and was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (1000 mg/day for 3 days) followed by oral prednisolone.

[Two patients with pseudogout manifested by severe neck pain].

We reported 2 patients with pseudogout manifested by severe posterior neck pain. Patient 1 was a 78-year-old woman. She had experienced attacks of posterior neck pain several times for 4 years.