A fatal snakebite envenomation due to King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) in the Eastern Visayas, Philippines.

This report details a documented case of fatal King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) envenomation in the Philippines. A 46-year-old woman from a mountainous town in Leyte was bitten on her left thigh by a snake. Despite receiving prompt medical attention, including administration of fluids and oxygen, she went into arrest and succumbed within 2.

Amino- and Alkoxybenziodoxoles: Facile Preparation and Use as Arynophiles.

We report here on the facile synthesis of amino- and alkoxy-λ-iodanes supported by a benziodoxole (BX) template and their use as arynophiles. The amino- and alkoxy-BX derivatives can be readily synthesized by reacting the respective amines or alcohols with chlorobenziodoxole in the presence of a suitable base. Unlike previously known nitrogen- and oxygen-bound iodane compounds, which have primarily been employed as electrophilic group transfer agents or oxidants, the present amino- and alkoxy-BX reagents manifest themselves as nucleophilic amino and alkoxy transfer agents toward arynes.

Barriers to the hospital treatment among Bede snake charmers in Bangladesh with special reference to venomous snakebite.

Snakebite envenoming is a potentially life-threatening global public health issue with Bangladesh having one of the highest rates of snakebite cases. The Bede, a nomadic ethnic group in Bangladesh, traditionally engages in snake-related business such as snake charming. The Bede relies on their own ethnomedicinal practitioners for snakebite treatment while there is a lack of concrete evidence on the effectiveness of such ethnomedicinal treatment.

Status of treatment and outcome in Kawasaki disease in the Kinki area of Japan.

Background: The treatment guidelines for acute Kawasaki disease (KD) have been revised several times. Moreover, the criterion used to define coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) has changed from the coronary artery's internal diameter to the Z-score. Treatment for KD and methods for evaluating CAAs vary between hospitals, so we investigated the actual status of acute KD treatment and development of CAAs under the 2012 Japanese treatment guidelines for acute KD.

Molecular detection using aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles with an immobilized DNA brush for the prevention of non-specific aggregation.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are often used for biosensing. In particular, aptamer-modified AuNPs are often used for colorimetric molecular detection, where target molecule-induced AuNP aggregates can be recognized by a color change from red to blue. However, non-specific aggregation could be induced by various compounds, leading to false-positive results.

Comparative morphology and physiology of the vocal production apparatus and the brain in the extant primates.

Objective data mainly from the comparative anatomy of various organs related to human speech and language is considered to unearth clues about the mechanisms behind language development. The two organs of the larynx and hyoid bone are considered to have evolved towards suitable positions and forms in preparation for the occurrence of the large repertoire of vocalization necessary for human speech. However, some researchers have asserted that there is no significant difference of these organs between humans and non-human primates.

Pathogenesis of taste impairment and salivary dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The characteristics of the disease include a broad range of symptoms from mild to serious to death, with mild pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome and complications in extrapulmonary organs. Taste impairment and salivary dysfunction are common early symptoms in COVID-19 patients.

Combined Single Nucleotide Variants of and in a Child with Refractory Kawasaki Disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis with an unknown etiology affecting young children. Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus acetylsalicylic acid is effective in most cases, approximately 10-20% of patients do not respond to this therapy. An 8-month-old boy was admitted to a local hospital with the presumptive diagnosis of KD.

Protein-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Antibody Detection Using the Darkfield Microscopic Observation of Nanoparticle Aggregation.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly used in biosensing applications. In this study, AuNPs were synthesized by using reduced bovine serum albumin (rBSA) as the reducing agent. The rBSA conjugated with AuNPs via Au-Sulfur interactions to form rBSA-functionalized AuNPs (rBSA-AuNPs).

Non-invasive intravital observation of lingual surface features using sliding oral mucoscopy techniques in clinically healthy subjects.

To investigate intravital morphological features of the broader area of the lingual mucosa in clinically healthy subjects, and to attempt to evaluate subclinical conditions, we evaluated detailed intravital morphological features of the lingual mucosa using our newly developed oral contact mucoscopy techniques. Clinically healthy subjects (female: 19-22 years, average age: 20.27 years, and n = 28) were enrolled.

Comparative morphology of the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores in the tongue of the Abyssinian black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza).

We observed the morphology of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and their underlying connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Abyssinian black-and-white colobus monkeys using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongues of both juvenile and senescent individuals were relatively short in the rostro-caudal direction, with a rounded apex. Lingual tori were absent.

Comparative morphology of the primate tongue.

To clarify the role of the primate tongue as a means to better understand the evolution of oral function among primates - an example of adaptation within the restricted phylogenetic group - we review the morphological knowledge of the tongues of extant primates in relation to phylogenetic classification. Prosimians tongues are more effective than those of Haplorhini for taking up food with the tongue alone, because they are capable of fine movement when outside the oral cavity. However, the role of the tongue in food uptake has diminished when juxtaposed with progress in hand manipulation of food and tools in Haplorhini, especially with the manipulation of tools by Homininae.

Comparative Morphology of the Lingual Papillae and Their Connective Tissue Cores in the Tongue of Pallas's Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus thai, Kloss, 1917).

We observed the morphology of the papilla linguae (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate) and underlying connective tissue cores (CTCs) in Pallas's squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus thai) using light and scanning electron microscopy. The tongue was caudally elongated and lacked the lingual torus. Filiform papillae were densely distributed along the dorsal surface of the apex, and the rostral and caudal parts of the corpus, but were attenuated in the lingual root.

Risk factors for sodium valproate-induced renal tubular dysfunction.

Objective: To explore the risk factors for the development of sodium valproate (VPA)-induced renal tubular dysfunction for early diagnosis and treatment.

Study Design: The subjects were selected from patients who were diagnosed with epilepsy and administered VPA. Blood and spot urine samples were collected and measured the concentration of VPA, the level of serum phosphorus, serum uric acid, serum free carnitine, serum cystatin-c, and urine β2-microglobulin (BMG).

Proposal for research and education: joint lectures and practicals on central nervous system anatomy and physiology.

We coordinated anatomy and physiology lectures and practicals to facilitate an integrated understanding of morphology and function in a basic medical science program for dental students and to reduce the time spent on basic science education. This method is a means to provide the essential information and skills in less time. The overall impression was that the practice of joint central nervous system lectures and practicals was an efficient method for students, which suggests that joint lectures might also be useful for clinical subjects.

Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: A Biomarker for Radiation-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization.

Objective: To determine the utility of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a sensitive biomarker for radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in children undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Study Design: We enrolled pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases requiring cardiac catheterization in conjunction with healthy children and children under sedation as control. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and invasive hemodynamic data, urinary 8-OHdG levels, and radiation exposure measurements were collected prospectively.

A fatal case of infantile malignant osteopetrosis complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive condition characterized by a generalized increased in bone density. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only effective and rational therapy with achieving long-term disease-free survival. However, complications with HSCT for IMO remain unclear.

An efficient triple-junction polymer solar cell having a power conversion efficiency exceeding 11%.

Tandem solar cells have the potential to improve photon conversion efficiencies (PCEs) beyond the limits of single-junction devices. In this study, a triple-junction tandem design is demonstrated by employing three distinct organic donor materials having bandgap energies ranging from 1.4 to 1.