Switching cisplatin to carboplatin in chemotherapy for metastatic penile cancer in a patient intolerant to cisplatin.

Introduction: Cisplatin is currently the key drug in the chemotherapy regimen for metastatic penile cancer. There are few reports of alternative medicines for patients who cannot tolerate cisplatin. This report describes a case in which carboplatin was used instead.

Switching mechanism from AR to EGFR signaling via 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy is given to suppress prostate cancer growth; however, some cells continue to grow hormone-independently as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Sulfated glycosaminoglycans promote ligand binding to receptors as co-receptors, but their role in CRPC remains unknown. Using the human prostate cancer cell line C4-2, which can proliferate in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent conditions, we found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-activated EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling via 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) produced by HS 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST1) is activated in C4-2 cells under hormone depletion.

Machine-learning predicts time-series prognosis factors in metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy.

Machine learning technology is expected to support diagnosis and prognosis prediction in medicine. We used machine learning to construct a new prognostic prediction model for prostate cancer patients based on longitudinal data obtained from age at diagnosis, peripheral blood and urine tests of 340 prostate cancer patients. Random survival forest (RSF) and survival tree were used for machine learning.

A clinical investigation of recurrence and lost follow-up after renal cell carcinoma surgery: a single-center, long-term, large cohort, retrospective study.

Background: Late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is observed in some postoperative patients. In addition, some of these patients are lost to long-term postoperative follow-up. We reviewed the treatment results and prognosis of postoperative patients with RCC at Chiba University Hospital, with the aim of clarifying the proportion and background of patients lost to follow-up.

Functional analysis of LAT3 in prostate cancer: Its downstream target and relationship with androgen receptor.

L-type amino acid transporter 3 (LAT3, SLC43A1) is abundantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC) and is thought to play an essential role in PC progression through the cellular uptake of essential amino acids. Here, we analyzed the expression, function, and downstream target of LAT3 in PC. LAT3 was highly expressed in PC cells expressing androgen receptor (AR), and its expression was increased by dihydrotestosterone treatment and decreased by bicalutamide treatment.

Impact of Lymphovascular Invasion on Prognosis in the Patients with Bladder Cancer-Comparison of Transurethral Resection and Radical Cystectomy.

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) at first transurethral resection of bladder (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) with survival outcomes, and to evaluate the concordance between LVI at first TURBT and RC. (2) Methods: We analyzed 216 patients who underwent first TURBT and 64 patients who underwent RC at Toho University Sakura Medical Center. (3) Results: LVI was identified in 22.

Preoperative Clinical Predictors of Lymphovascular Invasion of Bladder Tumors at Transurethral Resection Pathology.

Background: The assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on the specimens of a transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) is very important for risk stratification and decision-making on further treatment for bladder cancer.

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify clinical predictors associated with the risk of bladder cancer with LVI before a first TURBT.

Methods: A total of 291 patients underwent a first TURBT for bladder cancer at Toho University Sakura Medical Center between January 2012 and December 2016.

Left ileal conduit: A case report.

Introduction: When ileal conduit construction is performed for urinary tract drainage during radical cystectomy, the conduit is usually constructed in the right lower abdomen. However, no reports have described ileal conduit construction in the left lower abdomen when it cannot be performed on the right side. In addition, some ingenuity is necessary for construction on the left.

[A Case of Subcutaneous Scrotal Metastasis from Primary Gastric Cancer].

Metastases to the subcutaneous scrotum are extremely rare. Here, we report a 78-year-old man who presented with pain to the scrotum and inguinal area. Two years ago, he underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Detection of Nonpalpable Tiny Axillary Lymph Nodes Surrounded by Adipose Tissue Using a Near-Infrared Camera.

It is not always possible to detect nonpalpable small lymph nodes (LNs) surrounded by adipose tissue under the wavelength of visible light. A newly developed near-infrared camera with InGaAs element was able to capture photographs using light at >1000-nm wavelength, at which the difference in absorbance between water and lipids is large. This study investigated the ability to detect nonvisible small LNs using light at 1300-nm wavelength.

Development and external validation of a nomogram to predict high-grade papillary bladder cancer before first-time transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical predictors related to the risk of high-grade papillary bladder cancer before first-time transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TUR-Bt), and to develop and validate a nomogram predicting the risk of high-grade papillary bladder cancer.

Methods: A retrospective clinical study of consecutive patients who underwent first-time TUR-Bt for papillary bladder cancer was performed. Medical records were reviewed uniformly, and the following data were collected: age, sex, episodes of urinary symptoms, tumor size, number of tumors, location of the largest tumor (lateral walls, base, posterior wall, dome, and anterior wall), tumor appearance (papillary or non-papillary, pedunculated or sessile), and urinary cytology.

Duration of androgen deprivation therapy and nadir of testosterone at 20 ng/dL predict testosterone recovery to supracastrate level in prostate cancer patients who received external beam radiotherapy.

Objectives: To determine the predictors of testosterone recovery after termination of androgen deprivation therapy in high/intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients receiving external beam radiation therapy with neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods: A total of 82 patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Serum testosterone levels after androgen deprivation therapy terminations were studied.

External validation of two web-based postoperative nomograms predicting the probability of early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: a retrospective cohort study.

The present study aimed to validate and compare the predictive accuracies of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and Johns Hopkins University (JHU) web-based postoperative nomograms for predicting early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) and to analyze clinicopathological factors to predict early BCR after RP using our dataset. The c-index was 0.72 (95% confidence (CI): 0.

Clinical predictors for high-grade bladder cancer before first-time transurethral resection of the bladder tumor: a retrospective cohort study.

The aim of this study was to identify the clinical predictors related to the risk of high-grade bladder cancer before first-time transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) and to externally validate the accuracy of Shapur's nomogram predicting the risk of high-grade bladder cancer in Japanese patients. As a result, episode of gross hematuria (odds ratio: 2.68, P = 0.

Bifurcation phenomena of two self-propelled camphor disks on an annular field depending on system length.

Mode selection and bifurcation of a synchronized motion involving two symmetric self-propelled objects in a periodic one-dimensional domain were investigated numerically and experimentally by using camphor disks placed on an annular water channel. Newton's equation of motion for each camphor disk, whose driving force was the difference in surface tension, and a reaction-diffusion equation for camphor molecules on water were used in the numerical calculations. Among various dynamical behaviors found numerically, four kinds of synchronized motions (reversal oscillation, stop-and-move rotation, equally spaced rotation, and clustered rotation) were also observed in experiments by changing the diameter of the water channel.

Investigation of dichotomizing sensory nerve fibers projecting to the lumbar multifidus muscles and intervertebral disc or facet joint or sacroiliac joint in rats.

Study Design: Immunohistological analysis of dichotomizing sensory nerve fibers projecting to the lumbar multifidus muscles and intervertebral disc (IVD), facet joint (FJ), or sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in rats.

Objective: To elucidate dichotomizing sensory nerve fibers projecting to the lumbar multifidus muscles and to IVDs, FJs, or SIJs.

Summary Of Background Data: Clinically, the origin of low back pain remains unknown.

Primary sensory neurons with dichotomizing axons projecting to the facet joint and the low back muscle in rats.

Background: Clinically, the origin of low back pain is unknown. The pain may originate from the lumbar muscles directly, or it may be referred pain from the spine. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with dichotomizing axons have been reported in several species and are thought to be related to referred pain.

Direct single injection of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor does not affect calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating punctured discs in rats.

STUDY DESIGN.: Immunohistological analysis of punctured disc after application of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. OBJECTIVE.

Low affinity NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) inhibitory antibody reduces pain behavior and CGRP expression in DRG in the mouse sciatic nerve crush model.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its low-affinity receptor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR), are important mediators of pain. To explore further the mechanisms involved, we examined suppression of pain behavior and expression of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) using a p75 NTR inhibitory antibody, in a mouse sciatic nerve crush model. In the nerve-injured model, 150 microg of a p75 NTR inhibitory antibody or 10 microl of saline were applied.