Changes of the normal ovary during menstrual cycle in reproductive age on the diffusion-weighted image.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate changes in magnetic resonance findings of the normal ovary during menstrual cycle on diffusion-weighted image (DWI).

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 9 healthy females at the menstrual, periovulatory, and luteal phases using a 1.5-T unit.

CT and MR features of struma ovarii.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate radiologic findings of struma ovarii, and to correlate both CT and MR findings.

Materials And Methods: MR images of 26 cases were retrospectively reviewed. Post-contrast enhanced T1-weighted images were available in 17 patients.

BLADE acquisition method improves T2-weighted MR images of the female pelvis compared with a standard fast spin-echo sequence.

Purpose: To investigate feasibility of the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER or BLADE) T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) of the female pelvis by comparing it with standard fast spin-echo T2WI (STD-T2WI).

Materials And Methods: Sagittal STD-T2WI and BLADE-T2WI of the female pelvis were performed with (36 patients) or without (15 patients) administration of butylscopolamine on a 1.5 T MR unit.

Diffusion tensor MRI of the kidney at 3.0 and 1.5 Tesla.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 3 T provides information on the microstructure and pathophysiology of tissues that is not available from conventional imaging with an advantage of high signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of DTI of the normal kidney at 3.0 T compared to results obtained at 1.

Diffusion tensor imaging of kidneys with respiratory triggering: optimization of parameters to demonstrate anisotropic structures on fraction anisotropy maps.

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of kidneys with respiratory triggering, and determine the optimal imaging parameters for fraction anisotropy (FA) maps.

Materials And Methods: DTI of kidneys from 16 healthy volunteers was performed using a 1.5T scanner.

Clinical value of image fusion from MR and PET in patients with head and neck cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of image fusion from magnetic resonance (MR) combined with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, using 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) in head and neck cancer.

Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients underwent MR and FDG-PET scans before or after the treatment of known or suspected head and neck cancer. T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were first assessed by MR interpretation, and then, the fused images of T2-weighted images from MR and PET were evaluated in a blind manner.

A case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour of the ovary with a multilocular cystic appearance on CT and MR imaging.

We present a case of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour of the ovary in a 14-year-old girl who presented with abdominal distension. Ultrasonography showed a multilocular cystic lesion filled with finely echogenic fluid. Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated a huge multilocular cystic mass with thickened septa.

High-resolution computed tomography findings of diffuse pulmonary involvement by mycosis fungoides.

The authors describe a case of diffuse pulmonary involvement by mycosis fungoides in a 55-year-old man who presented with progressive exertional dyspnea. Although he had a long history of skin lesions, mycosis fungoides remained undiagnosed at initial presentation. High-resolution computed tomography revealed hazy ground-glass opacities along the thickened bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septa, particularly in the mid and upper lung fields, and traction bronchiectasis in the central regions.

MR imaging of the female pelvis at 3 Tesla: evaluation of image homogeneity using different dielectric pads.

Purpose: To evaluate improvements in image homogeneity in pelvic MR imaging at 3 Tesla (T) using two different dielectric pads.

Materials And Methods: A total of eight healthy females were scanned using a 3T MR scanner equipped with a body-array coil. Axial and sagittal fast spin-echo T2-weighted images (T2WI) (TR/TE = 3200 msec/94 msec), axial fast spin-echo T1-weighted images (T1WI) (TR/TE = 700 msec/11 msec), and sagittal half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) images (TR/TE = 3000 msec/100 msec) were performed for pelvic imaging.

The utility of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiating uterine sarcomas from benign leiomyomas.

The usefulness of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the diagnosis of uterine sarcomas was investigated, as well as whether DW images and quantitative measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values can facilitate differentiating uterine sarcomas from benign leiomyomas. MR images including DW images were obtained in 43 surgically treated patients with 58 myometrial tumors, including seven uterine sarcomas (five leiomyosarcomas and two endometrial stromal sarcomas) and 51 benign leiomyomas (43 ordinary leiomyomas, two cellular leiomyomas and six degenerated leiomyomas). Qualitative analysis of non-enhanced and postcontrast MR images and DW images and quantitative measurement of ADC values were performed for each myometrial tumor.

MR features of ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP), in which a fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity, is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the first trimester. EP is usually suspected by a positive pregnancy test and an empty uterus on transvaginal sonography (TVS). Although TVS is the initial modality of choice, it may occasionally fail to demonstrate the implantation site.

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI of uterine endometrial cancer and to investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of endometrial cancer differ from those of normal endometrium and whether they differ according to the histologic grade of the tumor.

Materials And Methods: Study population included 18 consecutive females with surgically proven endometrial cancer and 12 females with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium in cervical cancer patients. Visual evaluation and ADC measurement were performed in endometrial cancer and normal endometrium.

MR imaging findings of eosinophilic cystitis in an 8-year-old girl.

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder of unknown aetiology and characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall. We report the unique MR findings of eosinophilic cystitis in an 8-year-old girl who presented with peripheral eosinophilia. MR imaging revealed smooth and nearly circumferential thickening of the bladder wall showing distinct low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, which may histologically represent high cellularity due to massive eosinophilic infiltration.

Small cell carcinoma of the uterine corpus: MR imaging and pathological correlation.

Small cell carcinoma of the uterine corpus is a rare but aggressive neoplasm showing neuroendocrine differentiation; its radiological findings are not well described. We report the magnetic resonance features of 3 cases with pathological correlation. Small cell carcinoma is shown as a bulky endometrial tumor of heterogeneous appearance on T2-weighted images, frequently associated with diffuse myometrium invasion and early extrauterine spread.

MRCP imaging at 3.0 T vs. 1.5 T: preliminary experience in healthy volunteers.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) imaging at 1.5T and 3.0T on image quality.

MRI of the female pelvis at 3T compared to 1.5T: evaluation on high-resolution T2-weighted and HASTE images.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of MRI of the female pelvis using high-resolution T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and the half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) technique at 3 Tesla (T) compared to 1.5T, while focusing on the uterine body and cervical anatomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 19 healthy women underwent pelvic MR scans on 3T and 1.

Secondary ovarian tumors: spectrum of CT and MR features with pathologic correlation.

The ovaries represent common sites for metastatic disease. The common primary sites for metastatic disease to the ovaries include the colon, stomach, breast, and the genitourinary tract. Hematologic malignancies, including lymphoma and leukemia, also involve the ovaries.

Staging of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrium.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix and endometrium are common gynecologic malignancies. Both carcinomas are staged and managed by means of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. In uterine cervical cancer, the FIGO staging system is determined preoperatively by limited conventional procedures.

Current status of body MR imaging: fast MR imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging.

The recent technical advances in fast MR imaging have greatly enhanced the clinical value of MR imaging of the body. Advances in T(1)-weighted images have enabled the acquisition of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, which is currently central to hepatic MR imaging for detection and characterization of liver tumors and is also useful for the evaluation of myometrial invasion in uterine cor-pus cancer. Advances in rapid T(2)-weighted MR imaging with single-shot fast spin-echo images have enabled MR cholangiopancreatography and MR urography.

MR features of physiologic and benign conditions of the ovary.

In reproductive women, various physiologic conditions can cause morphologic changes of the ovary, resembling pathologic conditions. Benign ovarian diseases can also simulate malignancies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can play an important role in establishing accurate diagnosis.

Spectrum of MR features in adenomyosis.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a highly accurate non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. Typical MR features include either diffuse or focal thickening of the junctional zone or an ill-defined area of low signal intensity in the myometrium on T2-weighted MR images. Occasionally, the islands of ectopic endometrial tissue can be identified as punctate foci of high signal intensity.

Evaluation of esophageal peristalsis in patients with esophageal tumors: initial experience with cine MR imaging.

We evaluated esophageal peristalsis in patients with esophageal tumors by cine MR using steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence and correlated the alteration of the esophageal peristalsis with clinical symptoms and tumor stages. Thirteen patients with pathologically proven esophageal tumors, including 12 esophageal cancers and one submucosal leiomyoma, underwent cine MRI using true fast imaging with steady precession (trueFISP) sequence, which is one SSFP sequence, after contrast-enhanced MR scanning for clinical purposes. A total of 120 serial images were obtained within 60 s through the plane along the long axis of the esophagus while patients chewed gum.

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a lung transplant recipient.

The authors describe a case of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a 38-year-old Japanese male patient who had undergone bilateral lung transplantation. Chest CT performed on day 109 revealed multiple lung nodules measuring approximately 1cm in the left lower lobe. Despite administration of anti-fungal agents, follow-up CT performed on day 138 showed bilateral lung nodules increased in size and number.

MR imaging findings of adenomyosis: correlation with histopathologic features and diagnostic pitfalls.

Adenomyosis is a nonneoplastic condition, characterized by benign invasion of ectopic endometrium into the myometrium with hyperplasia of adjacent smooth muscle. The common symptoms include dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and abnormal uterine bleeding, but these do not allow diagnosis. Therefore, imaging plays an important role because establishment of the correct preoperative diagnosis is critical to avoid unnecessary intervention.