Masticatory muscle reaction in simulated low-velocity rear-end impacts.

Aims: To evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter and temporalis muscles in relation to impact awareness, gender, impact magnitude, and kinematics of head movement in simulated low-velocity rear-end impacts.

Methods: Twenty-nine individuals (17 men and 12 women) were subjected in random order to 3 rear-end impacts: 2 unexpected impacts (chair accelerations of 4.5 m/s2 and 10.

Kinematics of head movement in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts.

Objectives: To evaluate kinematics of head movement related to impact velocity, gender and awareness in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts.

Methods: Thirty individuals were subjected in random order to three rear-end impacts: two unexpected impacts causing chair acceleration of 4.5m/s2 (slow) and 10.

The role of sternocleidomastoid muscle in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate behavior of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) electromyogram (EMG) related to impact velocity, gender, awareness and kinematics of head movement in simulated low velocity rear-end impacts. Twenty-nine healthy adults (17 male) were subjected in random order to three rear-end impacts: Two unexpected impacts causing chair accelerations of 4.5 m/s(2) (slow) and 10.