Comparative proteomic analysis of tail regeneration in the green anole lizard, .

As amniote vertebrates, lizards are the most closely related organisms to humans capable of appendage regeneration. Lizards can autotomize, or release their tails as a means of predator evasion, and subsequently regenerate a functional replacement. Green anoles () can regenerate their tails through a process that involves differential expression of hundreds of genes, which has previously been analyzed by transcriptomic and microRNA analysis.

Proteomic insight into human directed selection of the domesticated chicken Gallus gallus.

Chicken domestication began at least 3,500 years ago for purposes of divination, cockfighting, and food. Prior to industrial scale chicken production, domestication selected larger birds with increased egg production. In the mid-20th century companies began intensive selection with the broiler (meat) industry focusing on improved feed conversion, rapid growth, and breast muscle yield.

Chickspress: a resource for chicken gene expression.

High-throughput sequencing and proteomics technologies are markedly increasing the amount of RNA and peptide data that are available to researchers, which are typically made publicly available via data repositories such as the NCBI Sequence Read Archive and proteome archives, respectively. These data sets contain valuable information about when and where gene products are expressed, but this information is not readily obtainable from archived data sets. Here we report Chickspress (http://geneatlas.

Adrenergic receptor stimulation suppresses oxidative metabolism in isolated rat islets and Min6 cells.

Insulin secretion is stimulated by glucose metabolism and inhibited by catecholamines through adrenergic receptor stimulation. We determined whether catecholamines suppress oxidative metabolism in β-cells through adrenergic receptors. In Min6 cells and isolated rat islets, epinephrine decreased oxygen consumption rates compared to vehicle control or co-administration of epinephrine with α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Development and Protein Extraction Method Comparison in Late Stage Fibers.

The distinct stages of cotton fiber development and maturation serve as a single-celled model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation, cell wall development and cellulose biosynthesis. However, this model system of plant cell development is compromised for proteomic studies due to a lack of an efficient protein extraction method during the later stages of fiber development, because of a recalcitrant cell wall and the presence of abundant phenolic compounds. Here, we compared the quality and quantities of proteins extracted from 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber with multiple protein extraction methods and present a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of fiber development from 10 dpa to 25 dpa.

Proteome rebalancing in transgenic Camelina occurs within the enlarged proteome induced by β-carotene accumulation and storage protein suppression.

Oilseed crops are global commodities for their oil and protein seed content. We have engineered the oilseed Camelina sativa to exhibit increased protein content with a slight decrease in oil content. The introduction of a phytoene synthase gene with an RNAi cassette directed to suppress the storage protein 2S albumin resulted in seeds with an 11-24 % elevation in overall protein.

Transgenic Soybean Production of Bioactive Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF).

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of premature infants that results from the gut microbiome invading immature intestinal tissues. This results in a life-threatening disease that is frequently treated with the surgical removal of diseased and dead tissues. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), typically found in bodily fluids, such as amniotic fluid, salvia and mother's breast milk, is an intestinotrophic growth factor and may reduce the onset of NEC in premature infants.

The Effect of Oxygen on Bile Resistance in .

is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe that is the causative agent of the disease listeriosis. The infectious ability of this bacterium is dependent upon resistance to stressors encountered within the gastrointestinal tract, including bile. Previous studies have indicated bile salt hydrolase activity increases under anaerobic conditions, suggesting anaerobic conditions influence stress responses.

Systems toxicology identifies mechanistic impacts of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT) exposure in Northern Bobwhite.

Background: A systems toxicology investigation comparing and integrating transcriptomic and proteomic results was conducted to develop holistic effects characterizations for the wildlife bird model, Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) dosed with the explosives degradation product 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A-DNT). A subchronic 60 d toxicology bioassay was leveraged where both sexes were dosed via daily gavage with 0, 3, 14, or 30 mg/kg-d 2A-DNT. Effects on global transcript expression were investigated in liver and kidney tissue using custom microarrays for C.

Transgenic soya bean seeds accumulating β-carotene exhibit the collateral enhancements of oleate and protein content traits.

Transgenic soya bean (Glycine max) plants overexpressing a seed-specific bacterial phytoene synthase gene from Pantoea ananatis modified to target to plastids accumulated 845 μg β carotene g(-1) dry seed weight with a desirable 12:1 ratio of β to α. The β carotene accumulating seeds exhibited a shift in oil composition increasing oleic acid with a concomitant decrease in linoleic acid and an increase in seed protein content by at least 4% (w/w). Elevated β-carotene accumulating soya bean cotyledons contain 40% the amount of abscisic acid compared to nontransgenic cotyledons.

Proteogenomic mapping of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae virulent strain 232.

Background: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes respiratory disease in swine and contributes to the porcine respiratory disease complex, a major disease problem in the swine industry. The M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 genome is one of the smallest and best annotated microbial genomes, containing only 728 annotated genes and 691 known proteins.

Identification of canine platelet proteins separated by differential detergent fractionation for nonelectrophoretic proteomics analyzed by Gene Ontology and pathways analysis.

During platelet development, proteins necessary for the many functional roles of the platelet are stored within cytoplasmic granules. Platelets have also been shown to take up and store many plasma proteins into granules. This makes the platelet a potential novel source of biomarkers for many disease states.

Proteomic analysis of cross protection provided between cold and osmotic stress in Listeria monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, foodborne pathogen responsible for approximately 28% of all food-related deaths each year in the United States. L. monocytogenes infections are linked to the consumption of minimally processed ready-to-eat (RTE) products such as cheese, deli meats, and cold-smoked finfish products.

Ultrasonic incisions produce less inflammatory mediator response during early healing than electrosurgical incisions.

As the use of laparoscopic surgery has become more widespread in recent years, the need has increased for minimally-invasive surgical devices that effectively cut and coagulate tissue with reduced tissue trauma. Although electrosurgery (ES) has been used for many generations, newly-developed ultrasonic devices (HARMONIC® Blade, HB) have been shown at a macroscopic level to offer better coagulation with less thermally-induced tissue damage. We sought to understand the differences between ES and HB at a microscopic level by comparing mRNA transcript and protein responses at the 3-day timepoint to incisions made by the devices in subcutaneous fat tissue in a porcine model.

Nuclear proteome response to cell wall removal in rice (Oryza sativa).

Plant cells are routinely exposed to various pathogens and environmental stresses that cause cell wall perturbations. Little is known of the mechanisms that plant cells use to sense these disturbances and transduce corresponding signals to regulate cellular responses to maintain cell wall integrity. Previous studies in rice have shown that removal of the cell wall leads to substantial chromatin reorganization and histone modification changes concomitant with cell wall re-synthesis.

Nuclear Factor kappa B is central to Marek's disease herpesvirus induced neoplastic transformation of CD30 expressing lymphocytes in-vivo.

Background: Marek's Disease (MD) is a hyperproliferative, lymphomatous, neoplastic disease of chickens caused by the oncogenic Gallid herpesvirus type 2 (GaHV-2; MDV). Like several human lymphomas the neoplastic MD lymphoma cells overexpress the CD30 antigen (CD30(hi)) and are in minority, while the non-neoplastic cells (CD30(lo)) form the majority of population. MD is a unique natural in-vivo model of human CD30(hi) lymphomas with both natural CD30(hi) lymphomagenesis and spontaneous regression.

Proteomic analysis of the response of Listeria monocytogenes to bile salts under anaerobic conditions.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for the disease listeriosis. The infectious process depends on survival in the high bile-salt conditions encountered throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the gallbladder. However, it is not clear how bile-salt resistance mechanisms are induced, especially under physiologically relevant conditions.

Proteome profile of the pipping muscle in broiler embryos.

This study is the first proteomics analysis of the muscularis complexus (pipping muscle) in chicken (Gallus gallus) broiler embryos. We used differential detergent fractionation and nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis to identify 676 proteins from all cellular components. The identified proteins were functionally classified in accordance with their involvement in various cellular activities.

Proteome and membrane fatty acid analyses on Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5 grown under chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions.

Oligotropha carboxidovorans OM5 T. (DSM 1227, ATCC 49405) is a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium able to utilize CO and H(2) to derive energy for fixation of CO(2). Thus, it is capable of growth using syngas, which is a mixture of varying amounts of CO and H(2) generated by organic waste gasification.

Polyamine biosynthesis and transport mechanisms are crucial for fitness and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Polyamines such as cadaverine, putrescine and spermidine are polycationic molecules that have pleiotropic effects on cells via their interaction with nucleic acids. Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive pathogen capable of causing pneumonia, septicaemia, otitis media and meningitis. Pneumococci have a polyamine transport operon (potABCD) responsible for the binding and transport of putrescine and spermidine, and can synthesize cadaverine and spermidine using their lysine decarboxylase (cad) and spermidine synthase (speE) enzymes.

An automated proteomic data analysis workflow for mass spectrometry.

Background: Mass spectrometry-based protein identification methods are fundamental to proteomics. Biological experiments are usually performed in replicates and proteomic analyses generate huge datasets which need to be integrated and quantitatively analyzed. The Sequest search algorithm is a commonly used algorithm for identifying peptides and proteins from two dimensional liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2-D LC ESI MS(2)) data.