Publications by authors named "Ken Ohara"
Article Synopsis
- A study compared the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin alone versus its combination with traditional diuretics on fluid retention and vasopressin levels in patients.
- Patients taking the combined treatment showed a significant decrease in copeptin levels, indicating better fluid balance compared to those on dapagliflozin alone.
- The combination therapy effectively reduced fluid retention without dramatically impacting plasma volume or activating stress hormones like renin and aldosterone.
Article Synopsis
- Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, like dapagliflozin, show promise in reducing both blood glucose levels and fluid retention in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- In a study of 73 patients on dapagliflozin and 24 controls over 6 months, dapagliflozin significantly decreased the extracellular water-to-total body water ratio, indicating improved fluid status, especially among those with initial fluid retention.
- Despite some initial increase in vasopressin levels after one week with dapagliflozin, overall hormone levels including renin and aldosterone did not differ, while sympathetic nervous system markers dropped, suggesting sustained management of body fluid in CKD patients
SGLT2 inhibitor and loop diuretic induce different vasopressin and fluid homeostatic responses in nondiabetic rats.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
September 2022
Article Synopsis
- Loop diuretics like furosemide cause complications such as renal dysfunction due to hypovolemia, while SGLT2 inhibitors, such as ipragliflozin, promote osmotic diuresis without disrupting fluid balance.
- In a study on nondiabetic rats, both diuretics increased urine volume; however, only ipragliflozin led to an increase in fluid intake and water reabsorption through vasopressin stimulation.
- The findings suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors and loop diuretics operate differently in regulating fluid balance and renal function, with SGLT2 inhibitors effectively maintaining it while loop diuretics do not.
Article Synopsis
- * There is a growing body of research on paraneoplastic glomerulopathies, but many healthcare professionals are still unaware of the connection between cancer and ANCA-related kidney disease.
- * The authors emphasize the importance of gathering more case studies to improve understanding and management strategies for this combined condition.
Article Synopsis
- * The patient had pre-existing mild kidney issues and was also taking a vitamin D analog and calcium supplements, which may have contributed to his condition.
- * After stopping the use of the NSAID patch and other medications, the patient's renal function improved, marking this as the first documented case of acute interstitial nephritis confirmed by biopsy linked to NSAID patch use.
Article Synopsis
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors like dapagliflozin not only help lower blood sugar but also have a mild diuretic effect, possibly affecting body fluid levels in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
- In a study, 36 DKD patients treated with dapagliflozin showed significant reductions in body weight and different body fluid components, with more pronounced effects in those who initially had higher extracellular volume levels.
- The results suggest that the initial extracellular volume status plays a crucial role in predicting how patients will respond to dapagliflozin, which could help in managing fluid balance during treatment.
In the present study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was performed to identify the chromosomal positions of growth and carcass-related trait QTLs using 319 F chickens obtained from intercrosses of an Oh-Shamo male and four White Plymouth Rock females. Body weight was measured weekly until the birds were 7 weeks old. Carcass-related traits were also measured at this timepoint.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the early proximal tubule by the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2. The glycosuric effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin is linked to a diuretic and natriuretic effect that activates compensatory increases in fluid and food intake to stabilize body fluid volume (BFV). However, the compensatory mechanisms that are activated on the level of renal tubules remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is widely used for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate incidence and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after TACE in patients with HCC.
Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we examined 461 consecutive TACE sessions in 260 patients between January 2003 and October 2015.
Article Synopsis
- Tolvaptan, a medication that blocks vasopressin V2 receptors, helps reduce body fluid retention in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but its effectiveness predictors remain unclear.
- In a study with 12 CKD patients treated with tolvaptan, significant reductions in body weight and total body water were noted, without major changes in kidney function (measured by eGFR).
- Serum albumin levels were found to be a relevant predictor of how well patients respond to tolvaptan, suggesting that it could be especially beneficial for patients with low albumin levels.
Article Synopsis
- * Treatment with furosemide reduced extracellular fluid more than intracellular fluid, while adding tolvaptan led to a more balanced reduction and better overall diuretic response.
- * This case highlights for the first time how furosemide and tolvaptan affect fluid distribution differently in the same patient, with tolvaptan also increasing plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
Article Synopsis
- SGLT2 inhibitors like dapagliflozin (DAPA) are medications that help lower blood sugar levels and have diuretic effects, but their impact on fluid distribution compared to traditional diuretics is not well understood.
- A study of 40 chronic kidney disease patients showed that all treatment groups (DAPA, furosemide, and tolvaptan) experienced significant weight loss and increased urine output over 7 days, with notable changes in extracellular water (ECW) levels.
- DAPA led to a smaller reduction in ECW compared to furosemide, but a larger reduction than tolvaptan, indicating that SGLT2 inhibitors may affect fluid distribution differently than conventional diuretics.
We herein report the case of a 36-year-old woman with Kartagener syndrome (KS), which is an autosomal recessive disorder defined by a triad of bronchiectasis, sinusitis, and situs inversus, with complications of asymptomatic microhematuria and proteinuria. She was finally diagnosed with biopsy-proven immunoglobulin (Ig) A nephropathy. KS constitutes a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) characterized by structural and/or functional ciliary abnormalities resulting in sinopulmonary involvement with varying severity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Increasingly Recognized Public Health Problem.
Clin Med Insights Case Rep
July 2018
Article Synopsis
- A 28-year-old man was hospitalized for severe complications from O157-mediated hemorrhagic colitis, leading to low platelet counts.
- The patient was also diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
- The case highlights the need for more research on this public health issue and discusses various diagnostic and management challenges encountered.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio showed inverse associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general population. However, this has not been examined enough in dialysis patients. We cross-sectionally investigated the relationship between EPA/AA ratio and prevalence of CVD in 321 chronic hemodialysis patients (64 ± 11 years old; 110 women; dialysis vintage 10 ± 8 years) in an urban area of Tokyo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnmasking a sustained negative effect of SGLT2 inhibition on body fluid volume in the rat.
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
September 2018
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin on fluid and sodium excretion in both diabetic and nondiabetic rat models, finding that ipragliflozin increases urine output while food and fluid intake also rises.
- In nondiabetic rats, the diuretic effects of ipragliflozin are evident, whereas diabetic rats show little change due to the drug's antihyperglycemic action preventing increases in glucosuria.
- The research concludes that SGLT2 inhibitors promote a diuretic and natriuretic response, but the body activates mechanisms to maintain fluid balance through compensatory increases in food and fluid intake.
Article Synopsis
- An 11-year-old boy experienced a traumatic rupture at the tibial tuberosity without any accompanying fracture, leading to a specific surgical approach.
- The surgery involved primary repair with stainless steel wires, and after three months of recovery, the boy had satisfactory knee function, suggesting this technique could be a viable treatment option.
Article Synopsis
- Ovarian mature cystic teratomas are usually benign tumors, but in this case report, a patient developed a rare rectal fistula due to local inflammation from the tumor.
- The diagnosis involved a significant pelvic mass, and subsequent examinations revealed an ulcerated rectal lesion linked to the ovarian tumor, leading to surgical intervention.
- While fistula formation is often associated with malignant tumors, this case supports that inflammation is typically the cause, as only a small percentage of similar cases are linked to malignant transformation.
Article Synopsis
- - Uremic patients can experience multiple organ issues, and identifying the exact cause can be complicated since uremia symptoms overlap with other illnesses.
- - The text presents a case of a 53-year-old man with existing kidney problems who developed acute pericarditis, worsening his renal function.
- - After starting hemodialysis for suspected uremia, joint issues later revealed a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, allowing for the successful discontinuation of dialysis.
Therapeutic Challenges to End-Stage Kidney Disease in a Patient with Tetralogy of Fallot.
Clin Med Insights Case Rep
November 2015
Article Synopsis
- - The report presents a case study of a 33-year-old female patient with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who was suffering from end-stage kidney disease and experienced symptoms like fatigue and loss of appetite due to uremia.
- - The patient was treated successfully with peritoneal dialysis (PD), highlighting that patients with TOF can develop chronic kidney issues that may require dialysis, although data on this connection is sparse.
- - The report discusses the decision-making process for choosing PD as the best form of chronic renal replacement therapy for this specific patient, emphasizing the complexities involved.
Pemphigoid gestationis after spontaneous expulsion of a massive complete hydatidiform mole.
Case Rep Obstet Gynecol
October 2013
Article Synopsis
- Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare autoimmune skin condition that can occur after pregnancy, and there are limited cases linked to hydatidiform moles.
- A 19-year-old woman presented with severe bleeding and anemia, later diagnosed with a large complete hydatidiform mole that expelled spontaneously after treatment.
- Following the expulsion, she developed itchy skin lesions consistent with PG, confirmed by biopsy, and was successfully treated with oral prednisolone, leading to resolution of her symptoms but leaving some pigmentation.
Article Synopsis
- * Female chimeras with male brains experience delayed sexual maturation and irregular egg-laying cycles, while maintaining normal behavior and hormone levels.
- * The research concludes that male brain cells maintain a male identity and do not transform into female cells in females, indicating that brain sex identity develops independently of gonadal hormones.
[Development of a cone-beam CT system for radiological technologist education].
Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi
January 2012
Article Synopsis
- This study focuses on the development of a CT education system for radiological technologists, emphasizing the importance of understanding CT principles and potential artifacts caused by mechanical and electrical failures.
- The education system includes a cone-beam CT scanner featuring a straightforward design with a micro-focus X-ray tube and an indirect-conversion flat panel detector.
- Additionally, the system is equipped with educational software that offers functions for image reconstruction and understanding CT artifacts, and its effectiveness was validated through experiments using an acrylic phantom.