Risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with chronic kidney disease: a nested case-control study.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe disease leading to decreased quality of life, but risk factors for ONJ in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remain unclear. We conducted a nested case-control study using a large Japanese administrative database to investigate. CKD patients were identified based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements, and ONJ cases were identified using ICD-10 codes and diagnostic terms.

Association between CKD-MBD and hip-bone microstructures in dialysis patients.

Background: The longitudinal changes in hip-bone microstructures and estimated bone strength in dialysis patients, and the impact of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) biomarkers on these changes, remain insufficiently explored.

Methods: This retrospective study examined changes in cortical and trabecular bone compartments and estimated bone-strength indices, obtained by using 3D-SHAPER software, in the hip regions of 276 dialysis patients over up to 2.5 years.

Fibrates and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: The high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been well described. However, the efficacy of fibrates on the risk of MACE in patients with CKD remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study using data from a large administrative database that included more than 1.

Epigenetic clocks indicate that kidney transplantation and not dialysis mitigate the effects of renal ageing.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an age-related disease that displays multiple features of accelerated ageing. It is currently unclear whether the two treatment options for end-stage kidney disease (dialysis and kidney transplantation [KT]) ameliorate the accelerated uremic ageing process.

Methods: Data on clinical variables and blood DNA methylation (DNAm) from CKD stage G3-G5 patients were used to estimate biological age based on blood biomarkers (phenotypic age [PA], n = 333), skin autofluorescence (SAF age, n = 199) and DNAm (Horvath, Hannum and PhenoAge clocks, n = 47).

α-Blocker Use in Hemodialysis: The Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.

Rationale & Objective: Despite α-blockers' use for hypertension as add-on therapy in patients treated with hemodialysis, scant information is available on their association, particularly with safety, in these patients.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting & Participants: patients treated with hemodialysis and receiving antihypertensive agents in the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, phases 4-6, were analyzed.

Risk factors for blood vessel rupture during vascular access intervention therapy for hemodialysis patients.

Blood vessel rupture is a major complication associated with vascular access intervention therapy (VAIVT). However, information regarding the risk factors for ruptures related to VAIVT is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for rupture during VAIVT.

Secular trends in incidence and seasonal variation of distal radius fracture among children: A nationwide study based on the Swedish National Patient Register 2002-2016.

Background And Purpose: Although distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most common fracture type in children, research on its seasonality across different age groups is limited. We investigated secular trends in incidence and seasonal variation of pediatric DRF based on Swedish nationwide population database.

Patients And Methods: In this observational study, data for all children aged <18 years in Sweden with DRF defined by ICD-codes were analyzed for each month and each year during 2002-2016 using the Swedish National Patient Register.

Bilateral renal subcapsular hematoma caused by polyarteritis nodosa: a case report.

Polyarteritis nodosa, which is a systemic vasculitis of small- and medium-sized arteries, can cause arterial aneurysms in various organs, sometimes resulting in aneurysm rupture and hemorrhage. A kidney is one of the major targets of polyarteritis nodosa. Here, we report a 73-year-old woman who presented with sudden-onset high fever, diarrhea, and renal injury with bilateral renal subcapsular hematoma shown on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan.

Secular trends in hip fracture incidence and subsequent mortality in dialysis patients and the general population in Sweden.

Background: Declining trends of hip fracture incidence in dialysis patients were reported from USA and Japan while studies from Europe are lacking. We investigated trends in hip fracture incidence and subsequent mortality in Swedish dialysis patients, comparing with the Swedish general population.

Methods: We used the population-based Swedish national database of fractures and the Swedish National Renal Registry to retrieve data on hip fractures incidence and subsequent mortality for years 2007-2016.

Sparing effect of peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis on BMD changes and its impact on mortality.

Introduction: Bone loss in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients associates with fractures, vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased mortality. We investigated factors associated with changes of bone mineral density (ΔBMD) during the initial year on dialysis therapy and associations of ΔBMD with subsequent mortality in ESRD patients initiating dialysis.

Materials And Methods: In 242 ESRD patients (median age 55 years, 61% men) starting dialysis with peritoneal dialysis (PD; n = 138) or hemodialysis (HD; n = 104), whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), body composition, nutritional status and circulating biomarkers were assessed at baseline and 1 year after dialysis start.

Fractures after kidney transplantation: Incidence, predictors, and association with mortality.

Background: Major fractures (MF) are associated with increased mortality in the general population and represent an even higher risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated incidence, predictors and clinical outcomes associated with first MF (MF) following kidney transplantation (KT).

Methods: We used the Swedish National Renal Registry of 3992 first KT recipients (2005-2016) (median age 53 years, 65% men) and identified all MF in hip, spine, humerus and forearm following KT.

Incidence of Fractures Before and After Dialysis Initiation.

Fractures are common in dialysis patients, but little is known about the trajectory of incidence rates of different types of fractures before and after dialysis initiation. To address this, we investigated the incidence of major fractures before and after dialysis initiation. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis using the Swedish Renal Registry of 9041 incident dialysis patients (median age 67 years, 67% men) starting dialysis 2005 through 2015 to identify major fractures (hip, spine, humerus, and forearm) occurring during the dialysis transition period from 1 year before until 1 year after dialysis initiation.

Bone mineral density and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients.

Osteoporosis characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and associates with high fracture incidence and high all-cause mortality. This is because chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBDs) promote not only bone disease (osteoporosis and renal dystrophy) but also vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. The disturbed bone metabolism in ESRD leads to 'loss of cortical bone' with increased cortical porosity and thinning of cortical bone rather than to loss of trabecular bone.

Therapeutic Potential of Thrombomodulin in Renal Fibrosis of Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in Wistar-Kyoto Rats.

Background: Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM) was approved in 2008 and has been used for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan. The antifibrotic effects of rhTM in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are well established, but the therapeutic potential of rhTM in renal fibrosis remains poorly understood.

Methods: Nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS-N) was induced in 22 female Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats on day 0.

Major fractures after initiation of dialysis: Incidence, predictors and association with mortality.

Background: Major fractures (MF) are common in dialysis patients. We investigated incidence, predictors and clinical outcomes associated with first MF occurring after initiation of dialysis (MF).

Methods: In Swedish Renal Registry of 9714 incident (2005-2016) dialysis patients (age 68 years, 67% men), we identified all MF in hip, spine, humerus and forearm.

Serum uromodulin is associated with the severity of clinicopathological findings in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.

Background: Uromodulin (UMOD), also known as Tamm-Horsfall protein, is a kidney-specific protein expressed by epithelial cells lining the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of UMOD in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis (AAG).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-one biopsy-proven AAG patients were included in this study.

Bone mineral density at different sites and 5 years mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: A cohort study.

Background: Bone disease with osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy is common in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and associates with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and increased morbimortality. We investigated associations of low bone mineral density (BMD) at various bone sites with five year all-cause and CVD mortality in ESRD patients.

Methods: In a post hoc analysis of 426 ESRD patients (median age 56 years, 62% men) starting dialysis, BMD (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), body composition, nutritional status (subjective global assessment, SGA), handgrip strength (%HGS), Framingham CVD risk score (FRS) and biochemical biomarkers of nutrition and inflammation were assessed.

Fractures and their sequelae in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurement project.

Introduction: People undergoing maintenance dialysis are at high risk for fractures, but less is known about fracture incidence and associated outcomes in earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We conducted an observational analysis from the Stockholm Creatinine Measurement project, a Swedish health care utilization cohort during 2006-11. We identified all adults with confirmed CKD Stages 3-5 and no documented history of fractures and extracted information on comorbid history, ongoing medication, cardiovascular events and death.

Elimination of intravenous alendronate by hemodialysis: A kinetic study.

Introduction: The potential utility of intravenous alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients was recently reported. However, the pharmacokinetics of intravenous alendronate in patients on hemodialysis is not clear.

Methods: Six hemodialysis patients (mean age, 80.

Effects of Denosumab and Alendronate on Bone Health and Vascular Function in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Mineral and bone disorders including osteoporosis are common in dialysis patients and contribute to increased morbimortality. However, whether denosumab and alendronate are effective and safe treatments in hemodialysis patients is not known. Thus, we conducted a prospective, three-center study of 48 hemodialysis patients who were diagnosed as having osteoporosis and had not received anti-osteoporotic agents previously.

Clinical significance of serum and mesangial galactose-deficient IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Introduction: Galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is a critical pathogenic factor for IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but its value as a disease-specific biomarker remains controversial. We aimed to clarify the clinical significance of Gd-IgA1 in patients with IgAN.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients who were diagnosed with IgAN based on the findings of renal biopsies (RB) at Showa University Hospital since 2007.

Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin attenuates anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in Wistar-Kyoto rats through anti-inflammatory effects.

Background: Since recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (RH-TM) has anti-inflammatory properties through neutralizing high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), the protective effects of RH-TM were examined in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Methods: Rats were injected with nephrotoxic serum (NTS) to induce anti-GBM GN on Day 0, and were given either RH-TM or vehicle from Day 0 to Day 6. Rats were sacrificed 7 days after NTS injection.

The effects of denosumab and alendronate on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in patients with glomerular disease: A randomized, controlled trial.

Introduction: The clinical utility of denosumab for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) has yet to be established. This study aimed to compare the effects of denosumab on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers to those of alendronate in patients with GIOP.

Methods: A prospective, single-center study of 32 patients (18 men; median age, 66.

Highly sensitive determination of alendronate in human plasma and dialysate using metal-free HPLC-MS/MS.

A highly sensitive method was developed for the analysis of alendronate in human plasma and dialysate using MonoSpin™ SAX extraction and metal-free high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following methylation with trimethylsilyldiazomethane. The chromatographic separation of the derivatives for alendronate and alendronate-d was achieved on an L-column2 ODS metal-free column (50 mm  ×  2 mm i.d.