Age-related bone mineral density, bone loss rate, prevalence of osteoporosis, and reference database of women at multiple centers in China.

Our study surveyed age-related bone mineral density (BMD), bone loss rate, and prevalence of osteoporosis in women at multiple research centers in China. Survey results were used to establish a BMD reference database for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Chinese women nationwide. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone densitometers to measure BMD at posteroanterior (PA) lumbar spine (L1-L4; n=8142) and proximal femur (n=7290) in female subjects of age 20-89 yr from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Jiaxing.

Unintended consequences: the impact of protocol change on critical care nurses' perceptions of stress.

Context: The Family Communication Coordinator protocol was implemented to facilitate effective communications during potential organ donation cases. Previous research records its effectiveness relative to donor outcome measures. By redefining and clarifying role responsibilities, the protocol may be associated with reduced job stress for those caring for potential donors.