Daily Intake and Serum Levels of Copper, Selenium and Zinc According to Glucose Metabolism: Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study.

Trace elements play an important role in metabolism. We compared the daily intake and serum concentrations of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) across a spectrum of glucose tolerance status in a representative U.S.

The Role of Hemoglobin A1C in Diabetes Screening and Diabetic Retinopathy.

Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) is used in various settings. Its performance has not been evaluated systemically. We compared A1C in diagnosis of diabetes with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenged plasma glucose (2hPG) parameters in a cross-sectional cohort in the United Stated.

Conundrum of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis.

As an endocrine hormone, vitamin D plays an important role in bone health and calcium homeostasis. Over the past two decades, the non-calcemic effects of vitamin D were extensively examined. Although the effect of vitamin D on beta cell function were known for some time, the effect of vitamin D on glucose and fuel homeostasis has attracted new interest among researchers.

Recurrent, refractory hypokalemia as a diagnostic clue to thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a patient with acute kidney injury and suspected Guillain-Barre syndrome.

When clinical presentation is atypical, especially in a non-Asian population, the finding of recurrent and refractory hypokalemia can serve as a key diagnostic clue for timely diagnoses and management of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. In suspected cases, complete thyroid laboratory panel should be measured so that T3 toxicosis is not missed.

Parity and Risk of Thyroid Autoimmunity Based on the NHANES (2001-2002, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012).

Context: Autoimmune thyroid disease is more common in women than in men. Fetal microchimerism has been implicated as a potential explanation for this disparity.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parity and thyroid autoimmunity in the US population.

Viral Hepatitis and Diabetes: Clinical Implications of Diabetes Prevention Through Hepatitis Vaccination.

Viral hepatitis has been posited to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, prevention of viral hepatitis through vaccination has the potential to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. We have shown that successful hepatitis B vaccination reduces the risk of diabetes by 33 %.

Comparison of the Current Diagnostic Criterion of HbA1c with Fasting and 2-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration.

To determine the effectiveness of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% in diagnosing diabetes compared to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) ≥ 200 mg/dL in a previously undiagnosed diabetic cohort, we included 5,764 adult subjects without established diabetes for whom HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, and BMI measurements were collected. Compared to the FPG criterion, the sensitivity of HbA1c ≥ 6.

Association of insulin resistance with serum ferritin and aminotransferases-iron hypothesis.

Aim: To investigate the relationship of iron indices with diabetes mellitus (DM) in those without hemochromatosis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data collected during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Only those who fasted properly and were not anemic with transferrin saturation < 45% were included (n = 6849).

The Impact of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status on the Risk of Diabetes, Implicating Diabetes Risk Reduction by Successful Vaccination.

Background: The liver plays a key role in fuel metabolism. It is well established that liver disease is associated with an increased risk for diabetes mellitus. Hepatitis C virus infection has been known to increase the risk of diabetes.

Clinical implication of fasting and post-challenged plasma glucose in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is the preferred test in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) to 2-h post-challenged plasma glucose (2hPG). There is little information available on the comparison between FPG and 2hPG diagnostic criteria. This study included adult participants (≥18 years old) of the NHANES 2005-2010 with FPG, 2hPG, and BMI measured.

The Role of Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity in Insulin Sensitivity, Beta Cell Function, and Abnormal Glucose Tolerance.

Infection, for example, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), has been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to determine the role of H.

Insulin resistance is not necessarily an essential element of metabolic syndrome.

Type 2 diabetes is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Insulin resistance (IR) is thought to be the underlying pathophysiology of MetS. The purpose of this study is to examine the association of MetS with IR and beta cell function.

Association of hyperglycemia with prolonged hospital stay but no effect on engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To determine the effect of hyperglycemia, which is associated with poor outcome of various diseases, on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: We examined the influence of blood glucose concentration (BGC) on the outcome of autologous HSCT. Patients had at least one BGC determination every morning during their hospitalization.

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are favorably associated with β-cell function.

Objective: The association of hypovitaminosis D with type 2 diabetes is well recognized. Although hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance, there is much less information about its impact on β-cell function in humans.

Methods: We enrolled 150 healthy, glucose-tolerant subjects for the assessment of β-cell function (acute insulin response) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) using a hyperglycemic clamp.

Sellar plasmacytomas: a concise review.

The diagnosis of a sellar plasmacytoma is often missed and is mistaken for a non functioning pituitary adenoma. We reviewed the literature on reported cases of sellar plasmacytoma in order to identify its clinical presentation, laboratory, radiological and pathological characteristics. We describe the management of these cases after the correct diagnosis was made and provide insight to preoperative diagnosis of this entity.

Severe hypercholesterolemia in patients with graft-vs-host disease affecting the liver after stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To review the available literature on severe hypercholesterolemia occurring in the context of graft-vs-host disease affecting the liver.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed for articles on hypercholesterolemia occurring in the context of graft-vs-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The review included the type of lipid abnormalities observed, complications, and available management strategies.