Canine rhinitis caused by an uncommonly-diagnosed fungus, Scedosporium apiospermum.

A Golden Retriever cross was presented with a four week history of violent sneezing and licking at the nasal planum. Nasal mycosis was diagnosed and Aspergillus sp. presumed the causative agent, until culture, PCR and DNA sequencing showed that Scedosporium apiospermum, an uncommonly diagnosed, yet emerging, fungal pathogen, was the agent responsible.

Mesostructure of Ordered Corneal Nano-nipple Arrays: The Role of 5-7 Coordination Defects.

Corneal nano-nipple structures consisting of hexagonally arranged protrusions with diameters around 200 nm have long been known for their antireflection capability and have served as biological blueprint for solar cell, optical lens and other surface designs. However, little is known about the global arrangement of these nipples on the ommatidial surface and their growth during the eye development. This study provides new insights based on the analysis of nano-nipple arrangements on the mesoscale across entire ommatidia, which has never been done before.

Remarkable crystal and defect structures in butterfly eye nano-nipple arrays.

The corneal nipple structures on the eyes of two nymphalid butterfly species (Nymphalis antiopa and Polygonia interrogationis) are analyzed in terms of nipple arrangements and associated defects. The nipple arrays in both species have close-packed hexagonal lattices with lattice parameters of about 200 nm. The most abundant defects observed are 5-7 coordination defects that generate dislocations, dislocation-type low angle and structural unit-like high angle grain boundaries, as well as closed-loop defects.

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly.

In this study the highly ordered corneal nanonipple structure observed on the Mourning Cloak butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) is analyzed with a particular emphasis on the high-angle grain-boundary-like defects that are observed between individual nanonipple crystals. It is shown that these grain boundaries are generated by rows of topological coordination defects, which create very specific misorientations between adjacent crystals. These specific orientations form coincidence site lattices, which (i) have unit cells larger than the unit cell in each individual crystal and (ii) extend from one crystal to the next, effectively creating order over areas larger than the individual crystals.

Discovery of (2E)-3-{2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl}-N-hydroxyacrylamide (SB939), an orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor with a superior preclinical profile.

A series of 3-(1,2-disubstituted-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamides (1) were designed and synthesized as HDAC inhibitors. Extensive SARs have been established for in vitro potency (HDAC1 enzyme and COLO 205 cellular IC(50)), liver microsomal stability (t(1/2)), cytochrome P450 inhibitory (3A4 IC(50)), and clogP, among others. These parameters were fine-tuned by carefully adjusting the substituents at positions 1 and 2 of the benzimidazole ring.