Airway "Resistotypes" and Clinical Outcomes in Bronchiectasis.

Chronic infection and inflammation shapes the airway microbiome in bronchiectasis. Utilizing whole-genome shotgun metagenomics to analyze the airway resistome provides insight into interplay between microbes, resistance genes, and clinical outcomes. To apply whole-genome shotgun metagenomics to the airway microbiome in bronchiectasis to highlight a diverse pool of antimicrobial resistance genes: the "resistome," the clinical significance of which remains unclear.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term and long-term smoking abstinence rates of intensive perioperative smoking cessation programs vs brief interventions for smoking cessation.

Background: The perioperative period is an important "teachable moment" where smoking interventions may be particularly effective. We aim to explore the effectiveness of intensive perioperative smoking cessation programs not just on short term, but long term smoking abstinence as well.

Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published between 1 Jan 2007 and 15 May 2022.

The establishment of COPD organoids to study host-pathogen interaction reveals enhanced viral fitness of SARS-CoV-2 in bronchi.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by airflow limitation and infective exacerbations, however, in-vitro model systems for the study of host-pathogen interaction at the individual level are lacking. Here, we describe the establishment of nasopharyngeal and bronchial organoids from healthy individuals and COPD that recapitulate disease at the individual level. In contrast to healthy organoids, goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced ciliary beat frequency were observed in COPD organoids, hallmark features of the disease.

Long-term outcomes in patients who received veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and renal replacement therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in patients with severe respiratory failure receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, little is known of long-term kidney function in ECMO survivors. We aimed to assess the long-term mortality and kidney outcomes in adult patients treated with veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO).

Cerebellar Stroke in a COVID-19 Infected Patient. a Case Report.

Background: Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 infected patients with stroke, who were often in the older age group, had a higher incidence of vascular risk factors, and more severe infection related respiratory symptoms. These observations provided little evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection is a potential causative factor for stroke. This report describes a young patient with a cerebellar stroke secondary to COVID-19 infection.

Managing respiratory complications in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

In the recently published guidelines by the Society of Dermatology Hospitalists on the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a brief section was included on airway management. These recommendations provide an easy reference on how to manage respiratory complications of the disease. Understanding the evidence that underlies these recommendations would offer physicians greater clarity on the considerations behind every decision and treatment offered.

Heterogeneity of non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis in multiethnic Singapore: A prospective cohort study at a tertiary pulmonology centre.

Introduction: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a highly heterogenous disease. We describe the clinical characteristics of NCFB patients and evaluate the performance of Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) in predicting mortality.

Methods: Patients attending the bronchiectasis clinic between August 2015 and April 2020 with radiologically proven bronchiectasis on computed tomography were recruited.

Impact of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Intensivist-Led Multidisciplinary Team on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Outcomes.

Objectives: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly being established as a treatment option for severe acute respiratory failure. We sought to evaluate the impact of a dedicated specialist team-based approach on patient outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Long-term outcomes of tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) in symptomatic patients: airway intervention conservative management.

Background: Patients with tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) have a variable clinical course and response to treatment including airway intervention. There are no clear guidelines on the best approach to manage such patients. This study examines long-term outcomes of patients with TSTB and factors associated with recurrent symptoms or need for repeat airway intervention following initial bronchoscopic intervention.

Potential role of statins in COVID-19.

Patients with COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and thrombotic events. Statins are known for their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory effects. They may have a potential role as adjunctive therapy to mitigate endothelial dysfunction and dysregulated inflammation in patients with COVID-19 infection.

Choosing the right mask for your Asian patient with sleep apnoea: A randomized, crossover trial of CPAP interfaces.

Background And Objective: A major challenge with the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Mask tolerability is an important determinant of adherence, however evidence to guide selection of mask interfaces is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover trial of mask interfaces in CPAP therapy for moderate-to-severe OSA to assess adherence and efficacy of CPAP therapy with nasal mask, nasal pillow and oronasal masks.