Early Onset of Rapid Lesion Growth in an Acute Subdural Hematoma Model in Rats.

Objective: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) leads to the highest mortality rates of all head injuries with secondary brain damage playing a pivotal role in terms of morbidity and mortality. In patients with ASDH, a delay in surgery leads to disproportional mortality. The benefit of (very) early therapy is therefore, a target of ongoing research.

time course of organ uptake and blood-brain-barrier permeation of poly(L-lactide) and poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) nanoparticles with different surface properties in unharmed and brain-traumatized rats.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a dramatic impact on mortality and quality of life and the development of effective treatment strategies is of great socio-economic relevance. A growing interest exists in using polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for potentially effective drugs in TBI. However, the effect of NP material and type of surfactant on their distribution within organs, the amount of the administrated dose that reaches the brain parenchyma in areas with intact and opened BBB after trauma, and a possible elicited inflammatory response are still to be clarified.

Multiparametric Monitoring of Early Pathophysiological Changes in a Porcine Model of Sequential Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia.

Objective: Large animal models of cerebral ischemia have the potential to increase the translational value of stroke research. This study aims to measure early changes of brain tissue oxygen pressure (ptiO) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) to characterize a porcine model of sequential middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO).

Methods: Eight juvenile German Landrace pigs received unilateral MCAO via a frontotemporal approach under continuous intraparenchymal multiparametric monitoring.

Does granulocyte-colony stimulating factor stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration? An experimental study on traumatic lesion of the sciatic nerve in rats.

Aim Of The Study: To analyse the therapeutic potential of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment using a rat model of traumatic sciatic nerve lesion.

Clinical Rationale For The Study: G-CSF has proven strong neurotrophic properties in various models of ischaemic and traumatic brain injury. Fewer studies exist regarding the influence of G-CSF on posttraumatic peripheral nerve regeneration.

Is a Mask That Covers the Mouth and Nose Free from Undesirable Side Effects in Everyday Use and Free of Potential Hazards?

Many countries introduced the requirement to wear masks in public spaces for containing SARS-CoV-2 making it commonplace in 2020. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation as to the adverse health effects masks can cause. The aim was to find, test, evaluate and compile scientifically proven related side effects of wearing masks.

Implantable Sensors Based on Gold Nanoparticles for Continuous Long-Term Concentration Monitoring in the Body.

Implantable sensors continuously transmit information on vital values or biomarker concentrations in bodily fluids, enabling physicians to survey disease progression and monitor therapeutic success. However, currently available technologies still face difficulties with long-term operation and transferability to different analytes. We show the potential of a generalizable platform based on gold nanoparticles embedded in a hydrogel for long-term implanted biosensing.

Intrahematomal Ultrasound Enhances RtPA-Fibrinolysis in a Porcine Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Catheter-based ultrasound-thrombolysis has been successfully used in a small clinical trial in order to enhance recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)-fibrinolysis, for the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs). The aim of this study was to investigate the ultra-early effects of ultrasound on hematoma and the surrounding brain tissue in a porcine ICH-model. To achieve this, 21 pigs with a right frontal ICH were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) drainage ( = 3), (2) drainage + rtPA ( = 6), (3) drainage + ultrasound ( = 6), and (4) drainage + ultrasound + rtPA ( = 6).

Comparative analysis of fibrinolytic properties of Alteplase, Tenecteplase and Urokinase in an in vitro clot model of intracerebral haemorrhage.

Objective: Hematoma lysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) has emerged as an alternative therapy for spontaneous intracerebral and intraventricular haemorrhage (ICH and IVH). However, the MISTIE III and CLEAR III trial failed to show significant improvement of favourable outcomes. Besides experimental and clinical trials revealed neurotoxic effects of rtPA.

Real-Time Overlapping of Indocyanine Green-Video Angiography With White Light Imaging for Vascular Neurosurgery: Technique, Implementation, and Clinical Experience.

Background: Fluorescent-guided techniques in vascular neurosurgery can be demonstrated via black and white indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA). Multispectral imaging (MFL) is a new method, which overlaps fluorescence with the white light and provides a fluorescent white light augmented reality image to the surgeon.

Objective: To investigate (a) whether MFL can enhance the visualization of the blood-flow with simultaneous visualization of the anatomic structures and (b) if MFL can ergonomically improve the microvascular surgical treatment compared to ICG-VA.

In vitro testing of a funnel-shaped tip catheter model to decrease clot migration during mechanical thrombectomy.

One limitation of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is clot migration during procedure. This might be caused by abruption of the trapped thrombus at the distal access catheter (DAC) tip during stent-retriever retraction due to the cylindrical shaped tip of the DAC. Aiming to solve this problem, this study evaluates the proof-of-concept of a new designed funnel-shaped tip, in an experimental in vitro setting.

Doppler sonography enhances rtPA-induced fibrinolysis in an in vitro clot model of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages.

Background: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was shown to enhance intravascular fibrinolysis by rtPA in ischemic stroke. Studies revealed that catheter-based administration of rtPA induces lysis of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). However, it is unknown whether TCD would be suitable to enhance rtPA-induced fibrinolysis in patients with ICH.

Esophageal Blood Flow May Not Be Directly Influenced by Anastomotic Tension: An Exploratory Laser Doppler Study in Swine.

Background:  Anastomotic tension has been linked to leakage and stenosis in esophageal surgery in both adults and children. We aimed to determine the effects of esophageal topography, operative technique, and anastomotic tension on esophageal blood flow.

Materials And Methods:  We divided and reanastomosed the esophagi at the carinal level with increasing levels of anastomotic tension in piglets ( = 10) and sham controls ( = 4).

Thrombin contributes to the injury development and neurological deficit after acute subdural hemorrhage in rats only in collaboration with additional blood-derived factors.

Background: Acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) is a severe consequence of traumatic brain injury. The occurrence of subdural blood increases the lethality of these patients independent of the amount of blood or elevated intracranial pressure. Thrombin is one of the potential harmful blood components.

Accelerometer-Based Assessment of Intestinal Peristalsis: Toward Miniaturized Low-Power Solutions for Intestinal Implants.

Intestinal electrical stimulation via implants is already used to treat several disorders like constipation or incontinence. Stimulation parameters are most often empiric and not based on systematic studies. One prerequisite to evaluate effects of intestinal electrical stimulation is a direct assessment of intestinal motility.

Correction: Combination of ultrasound and rtPA enhances fibrinolysis in an In Vitro clot system.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Evaluation of a New Multiparameter Brain Probe for Simultaneous Measurement of Brain Tissue Oxygenation, Cerebral Blood Flow, Intracranial Pressure, and Brain Temperature in a Porcine Model.

Background: A novel multiparameter brain sensor (MPBS) allows the simultaneous measurement of brain tissue oxygenation (ptiO), cerebral blood flow (CBF), intracranial pressure (ICP), and brain temperature with a single catheter. This laboratory investigation evaluates the MPBS in an animal model in relation to established reference probes.

Methods: The study group consisted of 17 juvenile male pigs.

Occurrence of Spontaneous Cortical Spreading Depression Is Increased by Blood Constituents and Impairs Neurological Recovery after Subdural Hematoma in Rats.

Acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) is common and associated with severe morbidity and mortality. To date, the role of spontaneous cortical spreading depression (sCSD) in exaggerating secondary injury after ASDH, is poorly understood. The present study contains two experimental groups: First, we investigated and characterized the occurrence of sCSD after subdural blood infusion (300 μL) via tissue impedance (IMP) measurement in a rat model.

Effect of irrigation on fibrinolytic rtPA therapy in a clot model of intracerebral haemorrhage: a systematic in vitro study.

Objective: Although fibrinolytic therapy is an upcoming treatment for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), standard guidelines are lacking, and some clinical issues persist. Here, we used our recently devised clot model of ICH to systematically analyse effects of irrigation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on fibrinolysis.

Methods: In vitro clots of human blood (25 ml) were generated and a catheter irrigation system was applied to deliver fluid/treatment.

Combination of ultrasound and rtPA enhances fibrinolysis in an In Vitro clot system.

Background: Catheter-based lysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is a well-established therapy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The effectiveness of this therapy can be increased with ultrasound, but the optimal conditions are not yet clearly established. Using a novel in vitro system of blood clots previously developed by our group, we investigated various parameters of intralesional sonothrombolysis using an endosonography catheter in combination with rtPA.

Spreading depression and focal venous cerebral ischemia enhance cortical neurogenesis.

Endogenous neurogenesis can arise from a variety of physiological stimuli including exercise, learning, or "enriched environment" as well as pathological conditions such as ischemia, epilepsy or cortical spreading depression. Whether all these conditions use a common trigger to set off endogenous neurogenesis is yet unclear. We hypothesized that cortical spreading depression (CSD) induces neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus after cerebral venous ischemia.