In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Hydrogels Developed with Experimental Design in the Treatment of Burns.

Burns alter the normal skin barrier and affect various host defense processes that help prevent infections. An ineffective repair process can lead to serious damage, such as the onset of an infection or skin loss, which can then harm the surrounding tissues and ultimately the entire organism. This study aims to prepare in situ gels containing metformin hydrochloride, a compound known for its wound healing properties.

Primary Small Cell Malignancies of the Breast: Are They Rare Malignancies?

In contrast with the other organs such as the lung, small cell tumors have been less studied in the breast due to their relatively less frequency. Although rare, neuroendocrine neoplasms, some lymphomas, and some small cell sarcomas such as undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma can be seen in small cell morphology in the breast. Many cytological specimens such as fine-needle aspiration biopsies and touch imprint cytology are used for diagnosis and further prognostic/predictive marker determination in primary breast masses, sentinel and axillary lymph nodes, and metastatic masses.

Management of a primary cardiac leiomyosarcoma in a young woman.

Cardiac leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with a poor prognosis. An 18-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with a left atrial leiomyosarcoma extending to the right lower pulmonary veins. We performed complete tumor excision by the right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy approach using minimally invasive techniques.

Stromal Lymphoid Response Status in Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinomas Diagnosed in Bladder Transurethral Resections and its Comparison with Conventional Urothelial Carcinomas.

Objective: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. Evidence suggests that the relationship between the tumor and inflammatory cells is important in tumor progression and the treatment response. We evaluated the stromal lymphoid response in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas and compared it with conventional urothelial carcinomas.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early marker of renal damage in lower urinary tract obstruction in rats.

To compare the urinary NGAL levels with serum creatinine levels as an early biomarker for renal injury in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). METHODS: Twenty male Wistar Albino rats dividedin to 4 groups. In each group basal serum creatinine and urinary NGAL levels were evaluated.

Is cystoscopy follow-up protocol safe for low-risk bladder cancer without muscle invasion?

Objective: The applicability of cystoscopy follow-up protocol that is indicated for low-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in the guidelines was investigated for our population.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent transurethral resection with a diagnosis of primary bladder tumor in our clinic within 10 years with low grade of pathology pTa and follow-up periods of at least 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-one patients (39 males and 12 females) who were diagnosed with a low-risk NMIBC, had no recurrence at the 3-month control cystoscopy, and followed up for the first 2 years on 3-month basis with cystoscopy were included in the study.

The Role of Telecytology in the Primary Diagnosis of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens.

Introduction: The Acibadem Health Group (AHG) has been using telepathology/digital pathology stations since 2006. In 2013, the system was changed from videoconferencing to digital pathology (whole-slide imaging) utilizing 3DHISTECH scanners and software. In 2017, digital cytology started to be used for routine cytopathologic diagnosis for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cases.

Large nested urothelial carcinoma: A clinicopathological study of 22 cases on transurethral resection materials.

Large nested urothelial carcinoma (LNUC) is a recently recognized variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC), which is characterized with inverted growth pattern and bland cytology. Diagnosis can be extremely challenging, especially in transurethral resection (TUR) materials. Haematoxylin-eosin stained slides of TUR materials with UC, submitted to our department between 2008 and 2017 were re-examined.

The Predictive Value of Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the predictive value of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as an oxidative stress indicator in renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Methods: Forty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 5 groups: Group-1, sham; group-2, 20 min I/R, group-3, 30 min I/R; group-4, 40 min I/R; and group-5, 60 min I/R. Blood samples were taken, and nephrectomy was performed in the sham group before ischemia was induced.

Role of contrast-enhanced 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis and staging of renal tumors.

Purpose: The objectives of this prospective study are to compare intravenous contrast-enhanced (CE) fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CE F-FDG PET/CT) with conventional methods (CT/MRI) and to evaluate the relationship of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with Fuhrman grade in patients with renal tumors.

Patients And Methods: A total of 62 patients [35 males and 27 females; mean age 55.8±12.

Atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 20 cases.

Lipomatous tumors accompanied by spindle cell component are not frequently encountered, and there are still problems regarding their differential diagnosis, nature, and nomenclature. To contribute to ongoing efforts, we present the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of 20 cases of spindle cell lipomatous tumors with atypical features that may also be called atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumors. Of the patients, 13 were men and 7 were women with an average age of 57.

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Overexpression in Micropapillary and Other Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression or gene amplification has been shown in urothelial bladder cancer. This could be helpful when using targeted anti-HER2 therapy on these tumors.

Objective: To evaluate HER2 immunohistochemical expression in conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC), in situ UC, and UC variants primarily in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC).

Primary Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Marked Intraluminal Mucin Secretion.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma with mucin secretion is an unexpected situation. Primary renal adenocarcinoma and various metastatic carcinomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Prognostic significance is not yet fully known due to the limited number of reported cases, and these lesions have been grouped under unclassified renal cell carcinoma.

Inverted (hobnail) high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive inverted pattern.

High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is considered to be an important precursor for prostatic adenocarcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the histological features of the uncommon inverted (hobnail) pattern of HGPIN in transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) prostatic needle biopsies from 13 cases. These 13 diagnosed cases of inverted HGPIN were identified out of a total of 2,034 TRUS biopsies (0.

Urothelial Carcinoma with shadow cell, lipid cell and sebaceous (skin adnexal) differentiation: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.

We discuss the histological and immunohistochemical features of 6 cases of urothelial carcinomas of lipid cell variant and 4 cases with shadow cell differentiation, one of which showed additionally sebaceous differentiation, one of which shows additional sebaceous differentiation, from our archive cases from the last 15 years. Conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC) was seen in all lipid cell variant cases, and micropapillary carcinoma was seen in 3. The ratio of the lipid cell component was between 10% and 40% in these 6 cases.

Comparison of World Health Organization 2000/2004 and World Health Organization 2010 classifications for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) were divided into 4 groups based on tumor diameter and stage in World Health Organization (WHO) 2000/2004 classification as well-differentiated endocrine tumor benign (WDETB), well-differentiated endocrine tumor with uncertain behavior (WDETUB), well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (WDEC), and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma (PDEC). World Health Organization 2000/2004 was not widely accepted because of stage-related classification and the category of "uncertain behavior." The European NET Society proposed a grading classification and site-specific staging system in 2010.

Paratesticular sarcomas: A report of seven cases.

Primary tumors of the paratesticular region are rare, with paratesticular sarcomas constituting a major proportion of these tumors, particularly in the elderly. The paratesticular region consists of mesothelial, various epithelial and mesenchymal cells and may therefore give rise to a number of tumors with various behaviors. Defining the association between the paratesticular mass and the testicle, and differentiation between benign and malignant masses using radiology is challenging, therefore the mass is usually considered to be malignant and radical orchiectomy with high ligation is performed.

Foamy gland carcinoma in core needle biopsies of the prostate: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 56 cases.

Foamy gland carcinoma is a subtype of acinar adenocarcinoma characterized by foamy appearance, large cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli and infiltrative pattern. In this study, we investigated the histological features and the incidence of foamy gland carcinoma. We compared foamy gland carcinoma with acinar adenocarcinoma according to age, prostate-specific antigen value, Gleason score, peripheral nerve invasion and accompanying high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia.

Cytological features of pure micropapillary carcinoma of various organs: A report of eight cases.

Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) is a rare aggressive tumor, which generally accompanies the primary carcinoma of the organ of its origin, while the pure form is extremely uncommon. Angiolymphatic involvement is widespread and a considerable proportion of the cases present with metastases. The current study presents eight pure MPC cases arising from the breast (n=3), urinary bladder (n=3), parotid gland (n=1) and lung (n=1, presenting with pericardial effusion), with the cytological findings.