Recognition, diagnostic practices, and cancer outcomes among patients with unintentional weight loss (UWL) in primary care.

Objectives: Identify the incidence, rate of physician recognition, diagnostic practices and cancer outcomes for unintentional weight loss (UWL).

Methods: We completed a secondary analysis of structured and unstructured EHR data collected from adult patients between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. We used four common definitions to define UWL, excluding patients with known causes of weight loss, intentional weight loss, and pregnancy.

The Efficacy of Mobile Applications for Weight Loss.

Purpose Of Review: A variety of mobile-based applications aimed at weight loss have become popular in recent years. This review describes the features and effectiveness of mobile weight loss apps.

Recent Findings: Overall, mobile apps can help patients lose weight either as well as or better than traditional paper-and-pencil weight loss interventions and often better than minimal intervention control groups.

The influence of active video game play upon physical activity and screen-based activities in sedentary children.

Background: Few children meet physical activity recommendations, partly due to the prevalence of screen-based sedentary activities. Active video game (AVG) play produces light to moderate physical activity. Yet, providing children access to AVG does not increase physical activity, possibly because children who play AVG may also tend towards sedentary screen-based activities.

A Review of Telemedicine Interventions for Weight Loss.

Purpose Of Review: Telemedicine has become popular as an alternative for in-person weight loss treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on weight loss interventions utilizing real-time telemedicine.

Recent Findings: Telemedicine interventions are usually run as a weekly counseling and educational session or as a complement to a primarily Web-based intervention.

Weight discordant siblings' ability to reduce energy intake at a meal as compensation for prior energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).

Background: Insufficient compensation for energy from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumed prior to meals may promote greater overall energy intake. If so, ability to compensate for prior energy intake may account for difference in adiposity between adolescents with and without overweight. Studies of fraternal siblings discordant for weight status control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allows for testing how putative non-shared factors, such as parental control of feeding, predicts sibling weight differences.

Increasing the Reinforcing Value of Exercise in Overweight Adults.

: This study determined whether a moderate- or high-dose exercise program increases exercise reinforcement. Increasing the relative reinforcing value of exercise (RRV; i.e.

Active Videogames to Promote Traditional Active Play: Increasing the Reinforcing Value of Active Play Among Low-Active Children.

Exercise reinforcement predicts physical activity of children. Repeated exposures of physical activity may increase physical activity reinforcement (incentive sensitization). Active videogame (AVG) play produces light-to-moderate-intensity physical activity.

Genetic variations in the dopamine reward system influence exercise reinforcement and tolerance for exercise intensity.

Background: Exercise is a reinforcing behavior and finding exercise highly reinforcing is characteristic of habitual exercisers. Genotypes related to dopamine metabolism moderate the reinforcing value of behaviors, but genetic moderators of exercise reinforcement have not been established.

Purpose: Determine whether singular nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that moderate central reward pathways and pain neurotransmission are associated with exercise reinforcement, tolerance for exercise intensity, and usual physical activity.

Vitamin D Awareness and Intake in Collegiate Athletes.

Leitch, BA, Wilson, PB, Ufholz, KE, Roemmich, JN, Orysiak, J, Walch, TJ, Short, SE, and Fitzgerald, JS. Vitamin D awareness and intake in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2742-2748, 2021-Poor vitamin D status is a risk factor for negative health and performance outcomes in athletes, but little is known about how athletes' awareness and beliefs about vitamin D affect their consumption of vitamin D.

Inducing incentive sensitization of exercise reinforcement among adults who do not regularly exercise-A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Increasing exercise reinforcement, or decreasing sedentary reinforcement, may reduce sedentary activity and promote habitual exercise. Repeated exposures to a reinforcer may increase its reinforcing value (i.e.

Decreasing the Consumption of Foods with Sugar Increases Their Reinforcing Value: A Potential Barrier for Dietary Behavior Change.

Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) have recommended reducing added sugar intake since its inception in 1980. Nearly 40 years later, added sugar consumption still exceeds 2015-2020 DGA recommendations among most of the population. The reinforcing value of food influences eating behaviors, and foods high in added sugars are highly reinforcing.

Eating Responses to External Food Cues in Weight Discordant Siblings.

Purpose: Heightened responsivity to external food cues may promote energy intake and account for differences in weight status between nonoverweight and overweight adolescents. Studies of weight-discordant fraternal siblings control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allow for testing of other nonshared factors relevant to sibling weight differences.The aim of the study was to determine whether same-sex weight-discordant (one nonoverweight and one overweight) adolescent siblings differ in responsiveness to external food cues.

Youth and Adult Visitation and Physical Activity Intensity at Rural and Urban Parks.

Less physical activity among rural residents may contribute to rural-urban health disparities. Parks can be ideal community resources for promoting physical activity. This study compared park visitation and activity intensity at 15 urban and 15 rural parks matched for acreage and amenities.

Energy compensation in response to aerobic exercise training in overweight adults.

Weight loss from exercise is often less than expected. Putative compensatory mechanisms may limit exercise-induced reductions in body fat and might be proportional to exercise energy expenditure (ExEE). This study was conducted to determine compensation for (the difference between accumulated exercise energy expenditure and changes in body tissue energy stores) and compensatory responses to 1,500 or 3,000 kcal/wk of ExEE.