Methods to monitor accurate and consistent electrode placements in conventional transcranial electrical stimulation.

Background: Inaccurate electrode placement and electrode drift during a transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) session have been shown to alter predicted field distributions in the brain and thus may contribute to a large variation in tES study outcomes. Currently, there is no objective and independent measure to quantify electrode placement accuracy/drift in tES clinical studies.

Objective/hypothesis: We proposed and tested novel methods to quantify accurate and consistent electrode placements in tES using models generated from a 3D scanner.