Athletic Trainers' Observations of Social Determinants of Health in the Secondary School Setting: A Card Study.

Context: Athletic trainers (ATs) are in a unique position to mitigate the negative impact of social determinants of health (SDH) in their patients. In the secondary school setting, understanding common SDH may inform strategies that reduce these impacts. However, little is known about the types of SDH that ATs observe in patients in this setting.

Exploring physical therapists' approach to addressing home exercise program-related low self-efficacy: knowledge, strategies, and barriers.

Purpose: Self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of completing home exercise programs (HEPs). How physical therapists address low levels of self-efficacy is unknown. Our objectives were to determine (1) knowledge and confidence in addressing patients' self-efficacy; (2) strategies used to address low self-efficacy; and (3) barriers.

Applying the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to Social Determinants of Health in the Context of Sport-Related Concussion: A Clinical Commentary.

Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a prevalent injury. Significant disparities in SRC outcomes exist across racial and ethnic groups. These disparities may be attributed to the unequal distribution of political power (or influence) and resource allocation in various communities, shaping individuals' social determinants of health (SDOH).

Athletic Trainers' Observations of Social Determinants of Health in the Collegiate Setting: A Card Study.

Context: Addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) in all populations improves patient outcomes, leading to better patient-centered care. Despite known influences of SDOH, little is known about the ability of athletic trainers (ATs) to observe SDOH in practice.

Objective: To explore ATs' observations of SDOH and describe actions taken at the point of care in collegiate and university settings.

Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of and Experience with Social Determinants of Health.

The role that social determinants of health (SDHs) play in athletic healthcare is gaining attention, yet little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs) perceptions of and encounters with the impact of SDHs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ATs' perceptions of various SDHs and their experience treating patients whose health and well-being were influenced by SDHs. This was a cross-sectional, web-based survey completed by 1694 ATs (completion rate = 92.

Athletic Trainers' Familiarity, Comfort, Knowledge, and Recognition of Social Determinants of Health.

Context: Social determinants of health (SDOH)-education, transportation, housing, employment, health systems and services, economic status, and physical and social environments-influence patient outcomes; therefore, athletic trainers (ATs) need to understand and address these factors. However, little is known about how ATs perceive SDOH or how knowledgeable they are about social factors that contribute to patient health and well-being.

Objective: To evaluate ATs' familiarity and comfort with SDOH and their perceived knowledge and recognition of SDOH.

Social Determinants of Health: Considerations for Athletic Health Care.

Health disparities are prevalent concerns in the United States and a frequent topic of conversation in the public health realm. Causes of health disparities include social inequities and social determinants of health. Although social determinants of health have been suggested to contribute more to individual and population health than the health care provided, this concept in athletic health care has received little attention.

Line Hops and Side Hold Rotation Tests Load Both Anterior and Posterior Shoulder: A Biomechanical Study.

Background: Clinical tests should replicate the stressful positions encountered during sport participation. Evaluating the kinetic and electromyographical demands of clinical tests enables clinicians to choose appropriate tests for specific sports.

Purpose: To describe the shoulder forces and muscle activation levels during closed chain functional tests of Line Hops (LH) and Side Hold Rotation (SHR).

Physical Therapists' Assessment of Patient Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs.

Background: Patient adherence to home exercise programs (HEPs) is low, and poor patient self-efficacy is a barrier clinicians can influence. However, little evidence suggests that clinicians assess level of patient self-efficacy before prescribing HEPs.

Purpose: To determine the importance of patient self-efficacy to physical therapists (PTs) when addressing patient barriers, determine how PTs assess and use patient self-efficacy for HEPs, and describe the barriers facing PTs when assessing patient self-efficacy for HEPs.

INFLUENCE OF LIMB DOMINANCE AND SHOULDER INJURY ON STRENGTH AND EXPLOSIVE FORCE IN US MARINES.

Background: The specialized roles of many military personnel require specific skills and high physical demands, placing unique stresses on the shoulders and increasing risk of injury. As normal dominant/nondominant shoulder asymmetries have been established in military personnel, bilateral strength comparisons must be understood in context of daily physical demands to monitor patients' progress or readiness to return to duty.

Purpose: This study aims to assess bilateral differences in strength and explosive force in United States Marines with a history of dominant or nondominant shoulder pathology.

Low Self-Efficacy and High Kinesiophobia Are Associated With Worse Function in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Context: Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a painfully debilitating hip condition disproportionately affecting active individuals. Mental health disorders are an important determinant of treatment outcomes for individuals with FAIS. Self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, and pain catastrophizing are psychosocial factors that have been linked to inferior outcomes for a variety of orthopedic conditions.

The Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale: Development and Psychometric Properties.

Background: The Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale (SEHEPS) was developed to help clinicians evaluate patients' self-efficacy for performing prescribed home exercise programs. Prior to clinical adoption, the scale's psychometric properties need to be examined.

Objective: To determine the psychometric properties of the SEHEPS.

Considerations of Conservative Treatment After a Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review.

Context: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions continue to increase without consensus on an evidence-based treatment protocol for nonoperative management. Currently, there is no consensus on an effective nonoperative protocol for partial UCL injuries that uses return-to-play (RTP) rates in determining the outcome of conservative treatment.

Objective: To systematically review RTP rates after conservative treatment of partial UCL injuries in overhead athletes along with descriptive components of each conservative intervention to identify an effective evidence-based nonoperative rehabilitation protocol.

Measurements of self-efficacy in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review.

Objectives: Low self-efficacy is a barrier to rehabilitation adherence. Before an intervention can be implemented to improve self-efficacy, assessment is required. It is currently unknown if a standard measure of self-efficacy has been used to assess this in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, specifically for home exercise programmes (HEPs).

Patterns and Associations of Shoulder Motion, Strength, and Function in MARSOC Personnel Without History of Shoulder Injury.

Introduction: Military personnel are at an increased risk of shoulder injuries due to training and deployment demands, however, there is a lack of information on the tactical athlete's upper extremity profile. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine shoulder musculoskeletal characteristics, including range of motion (ROM), strength, and function, and the relationships between these measures in Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC) personnel without history of shoulder injury.

Materials And Methods: Participants included 195 full-duty male MARSOC personnel (age: 25.

Reliability of 5 Novel Reaction Time and Cognitive Load Protocols.

Context: Reaction time (RT) is crucial to athletic performance. Therefore, when returning athletes to play following injury, it is important to evaluate RT characteristics ensuring a safe return. The Dynavision D2® system may be utilized as an assessment and rehabilitation aid in the determination of RT under various levels of cognitive load.

Pitch Volume and Glenohumeral and Hip Motion and Strength in Youth Baseball Pitchers.

Context:   Increased pitch volume and altered glenohumeral (GH) and hip range of motion (ROM) and strength contribute to injury risk in baseball pitchers. Although these factors affect one another, whether they are related is unknown.

Objective:   To examine relationships among cumulative and seasonal pitch volume, ROM, and strength of the GH and hip joints in youth baseball pitchers.

Calculation of Resistive Loads for Elastic Resistive Exercises.

Context: What is the correct resistive load to start resistive training with elastic resistance to gain strength? This question is typically answered by the clinician's best estimate and patient's level of discomfort without objective evidence.

Objective: To determine the average level of resistance to initiate a strengthening routine with elastic resistance following isometric strength testing.

Design: Cohort.

Elastic Resistance Effectiveness on Increasing Strength of Shoulders and Hips.

Picha, KJ, Almaddah, MR, Barker, J, Ciochetty, T, Black, WS, and Uhl, TL. Elastic resistance effectiveness on increasing strength of shoulders and hips. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 931-943, 2019-Elastic resistance is a common training method used to gain strength.

A model to increase rehabilitation adherence to home exercise programmes in patients with varying levels of self-efficacy.

Patient adherence to rehabilitation programmes is frequently low - particularly adherence to home exercise programmes. Home exercise programmes have been identified as complementary to clinic-based physical therapy in an orthopaedic setting. Barriers to patient adherence have previously been identified within the literature.

Glenohumeral and Hip Range-of-Motion and Strength Measures in Youth Baseball Athletes.

Context: The repetitive demands of throwing affect glenohumeral (GH) range of motion (ROM) and strength. Less is known about hip alterations in skeletally immature athletes.

Objective: To compare GH and hip ROM and strength between age, position, and side of youth baseball athletes.