Exploring the intersection between orthostatic hypotension and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Daytime sleepiness, reported in about 50 % of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), is associated with high morbidity, poor quality of life and increased risk for accidents. While an association between dysautonomia and daytime sleepiness in early, de-novo PD has been reported, our understanding of the role of medications, cognitive status and co-morbidites on this relationship is inadequate.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the prospective Cincinnati Cohort Biomarkers Program.

Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical trial screening rates over time in 37 countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented and disruptive impact on people's health and lives worldwide. In addition to burdening people's health in the short-term in the form of infection, illness, and mortality, there has been an enormous negative impact on clinical research. Clinical trials experienced challenges in ensuring patient safety and enrolling new patients throughout the pandemic.

Neuronal mechanisms of dynamic strategic competition.

Competitive social interactions, as in chess or poker, often involve multiple moves and countermoves deployed tactically within a broader strategic plan. Such maneuvers are supported by mentalizing or theory-of-mind-reasoning about the beliefs, plans, and goals of an opponent. The neuronal mechanisms underlying strategic competition remain largely unknown.

Clinician vs. imaging-based subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation programming.

Introduction: We sought to explore whether electrode visualization tools (EVT) can accurately predict the selection of optimal Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrode contacts.

Methods: Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing STN-DBS at The Ohio State University were enrolled in a prospective analysis to evaluate the accuracy of EVT-based vs. standard DBS programming.

Valence framing effects on moral judgments: A meta-analysis.

Valence framing effects occur when participants make different choices or judgments depending on whether the options are described in terms of their positive outcomes (e.g. lives saved) or their negative outcomes (e.

The Role of T-box Transcription Factor in a Pituitary Adenoma Diagnostic Algorithm.

Context.—: We previously examined pituitary adenomas with immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for steroidogenic factor 1, Pit-1, anterior pituitary hormones, cytokeratin CAM 5.2, and the α-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and found that a screening panel comprising stains for steroidogenic factor 1, Pit-1, and adrenocorticotropic hormone successfully classified most cases and reduced the overall number of stains required.

Incorporation of Remote PM Concentrations into the Downscaler Model for Spatially Fused Air Quality Surfaces.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented a Bayesian spatial data fusion model called the Downscaler (DS) model to generate daily air quality surfaces for PM across the contiguous U.S. Previous implementations of DS relied on monitoring data from EPA's Air Quality System (AQS) network, which is largely concentrated in urban areas.

Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams.

Data analysis workflows in many scientific domains have become increasingly complex and flexible. Here we assess the effect of this flexibility on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging by asking 70 independent teams to analyse the same dataset, testing the same 9 ex-ante hypotheses. The flexibility of analytical approaches is exemplified by the fact that no two teams chose identical workflows to analyse the data.

Dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex track distinct properties of dynamic social behavior.

Understanding how humans make competitive decisions in complex environments is a key goal of decision neuroscience. Typical experimental paradigms constrain behavioral complexity (e.g.

Residential proximity to greenhouse agriculture and neurobehavioral performance in Ecuadorian children.

Background: Children living near greenhouse agriculture may have an increased risk of pesticide exposure due to drift or direct contact with pesticide-treated areas. However, little is known about whether this increased potential for chronic exposure may impair their neurodevelopment.

Methods: We examined 307 children aged 4-9 years, living in agricultural communities in Ecuador (ESPINA study).

Do framing effects debunk moral beliefs?

May argues that framing effects do not undermine moral beliefs, because they affect only a minority of moral judgments in small ways. We criticize his estimates of the extent of framing effects on moral judgments, and then we argue that framing effects would cause trouble for moral judgments even if his estimates were correct.

Money for me and money for friend: An ERP study of social reward processing in adolescents and adults.

Peer relations during adolescence contribute significantly to the development of socio-cognitive skills and pro-sociality. The current study probed the characteristics of adolescent socio-cognitive processing through a card game where they earn money for self and friend. We investigated the choice preference and temporal dynamics of information processing by measuring ERP responses to wins or losses (valence) directed toward self and friend (recipient).

Bayesian nonparametric models characterize instantaneous strategies in a competitive dynamic game.

Previous studies of strategic social interaction in game theory have predominantly used games with clearly-defined turns and limited choices. Yet, most real-world social behaviors involve dynamic, coevolving decisions by interacting agents, which poses challenges for creating tractable models of behavior. Here, using a game in which humans competed against both real and artificial opponents, we show that it is possible to quantify the instantaneous dynamic coupling between agents.

Home proximity to flower plantations and higher systolic blood pressure among children.

Background: Pesticide drift from agricultural plantations increases the chemical exposure potential of people living nearby. Some studies have described positive associations between pesticide exposures and blood pressure (BP) in adults, whereas limited evidence in children suggests negative associations. This study characterized the association between home proximity to plantations and BP among children living in a flower-growing county in Ecuador.

Steroidogenic Factor 1, Pit-1, and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: A Rational Starting Place for the Immunohistochemical Characterization of Pituitary Adenoma.

Context: -Pituitary adenoma classification is complex, and diagnostic strategies vary greatly from laboratory to laboratory. No optimal diagnostic algorithm has been defined.

Objective: -To develop a panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains that provides the optimal combination of cost, accuracy, and ease of use.

The German Energiewende-a matter for health?

Background: Germany's enormous transformation away from nuclear energy and fossil fuels towards a renewable and energy efficient system-called the Energiewende-is playing an essential role in Germany's economy and policymaking. This article summarises the current knowledge on possible health impacts of the Energiewende and describes the need and opportunities to incorporate health into energy-related policy.

Methods: A structural model helped to narrow down specific topics and to conceptualise links between the Energiewende, the environment and health.

Residential Road Traffic Noise and High Depressive Symptoms after Five Years of Follow-up: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study.

Background: Traffic noise affects a large number of people, particularly in urbanized areas. Noise causes stress and annoyance, but less is known about the relationship between noise and depression.

Objective: We investigated the association of residential road traffic noise with depressive symptoms using 5-year follow-up data from a German population-based study.

Using administrative health care system records to recruit a community-based sample for population research.

Purpose: Epidemiologists often seek a representative sample of particular persons from geographically bounded areas. However, it has become increasingly difficult to identify a sample frame that truly represents the underlying target population. We assessed the degree to which a clinic-based sample represents a target community.

Effect of a School Choice Policy Change on Active Commuting to Elementary School.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the effect of restricting school choice on changes in travel distance to school and transportation mode for elementary school students.

Design: Study design was pre-post (spring 2010-fall 2010) quasi-experimental.

Setting: Study setting was all public elementary schools in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Adolescent physical activity and the built environment: a latent class analysis approach.

This study used latent class analysis to classify adolescent home neighborhoods (n=344) according to built environment characteristics, and tested how adolescent physical activity, sedentary behavior, and screen time differ by neighborhood type/class. Four distinct neighborhood classes emerged: (1) low-density retail/transit, low walkability index (WI), further from recreation; (2) high-density retail/transit, high WI, closer to recreation; (3) moderate-high-density retail/transit, moderate WI, further from recreation; and (4) moderate-low-density retail/transit, low WI, closer to recreation. We found no difference in adolescent activity by neighborhood class.

Effect of street connectivity and density on adult BMI: results from the Twin Cities Walking Study.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the US population has risen dramatically in recent years. To try to explain this, some studies have examined the association between the built environment and obesity (measured using the body mass index (BMI)). Most of these studies have not sought to identify causal effects, but rather correlations.