Archetypes of Spatial Concentration Variability of Organic Contaminants in the Atmosphere: Implications for Identifying Sources and Mapping the Gaseous Outdoor Inhalation Exposome.

Whereas inhalation exposure to organic contaminants can negatively impact human health, knowledge of their spatial variability in the ambient atmosphere remains limited. We analyzed the extracts of passive air samplers deployed at 119 unique sites in Southern Canada between 2019 and 2022 for 353 organic vapors. Hierarchical clustering of the obtained data set revealed four archetypes of spatial concentration variability in the outdoor atmosphere, which are indicative of common sources and similar atmospheric dispersion behavior.

Sources and environmental fate of halomethoxybenzenes.

Halomethoxybenzenes are pervasive in the atmosphere at concentration levels that exceed, often by an order of magnitude, those of the persistent organic pollutants with which they share the attributes of persistence and potential for long-range transport, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects. Long ignored by environmental chemists because of their predominantly natural origin-namely, synthesis by terrestrial wood-rotting fungi, marine algae, and invertebrates-knowledge of their environmental pathways remains limited. Through measuring the spatial and seasonal variability of four halomethoxybenzenes in air and precipitation and performing complementary environmental fate simulations, we present evidence that these compounds undergo continental-scale transport in the atmosphere, which they enter largely by evaporation from water.

Repeat resection for recurrent glioblastoma in the temozolomide era: a real-world multi-centre study.

Introduction: In contrast to standard-of-care treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma, there is limited consensus on therapy upon disease progression. The role of resection for recurrent glioblastoma remains unclear. This study aimed to identify factors for overall survival (OS) and post-progression survival (PPS) as well as to validate an existing prediction model.

How effective are physiotherapy interventions in treating people with sciatica? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Physiotherapy interventions are prescribed as first-line treatment for people with sciatica; however, their effectiveness remains controversial. The purpose of this systematic review was to establish the short-, medium- and long-term effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions compared to control interventions for people with clinically diagnosed sciatica.

Methods: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO CRD42018103900.

Neonatal T Helper 17 Responses Are Skewed Towards an Immunoregulatory Interleukin-22 Phenotype.

Newborns are frequently affected by mucocutaneous candidiasis. Th17 cells essentially limit mucosal invasion by commensal spp. Here, we sought to understand the molecular basis for the developmental lack of Th17 cell responses in circulating blood neonatal T cells.

The Effect of Massage on the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System and Markers of Inflammation in Night Shift Workers: a Pilot Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Shift work is a necessary part of many industries; however, it can have detrimental effects on health over time.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of a massage intervention on the cardiac autonomic activity and blood inflammatory markers of healthy medical residents working night shifts.

Setting: This trial was conducted at British Columbia Children's and Women's Hospital between February 2014 and June 2016.

Cellular metabolism constrains innate immune responses in early human ontogeny.

Pathogen immune responses are profoundly attenuated in fetuses and premature infants, yet the mechanisms underlying this developmental immaturity remain unclear. Here we show transcriptomic, metabolic and polysome profiling and find that monocytes isolated from infants born early in gestation display perturbations in PPAR-γ-regulated metabolic pathways, limited glycolytic capacity and reduced ribosomal activity. These metabolic changes are linked to a lack of translation of most cytokines and of MALT1 signalosome genes essential to respond to the neonatal pathogen Candida.

LRRK2 p.Ile1371Val Mutation in a Case with Neuropathologically Confirmed Multi-System Atrophy.

Background: Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are among the most common genetic causes of Lewy body Parkinson's disease (PD). However, LRRK2 mutations can also lead to a variety of pathological phenotypes other than typical PD, including relatively pure nigrostriatal cell loss without alpha-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies or Lewy neurites, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The mechanisms behind this remarkable pleomorphic pathology are currently unclear.

Parkinson's disease associated with pure repeat expansion.

Large, non-coding pentanucleotide repeat expansions of ATTCT in intron 9 of the gene typically cause progressive spinocerebellar ataxia with or without seizures and present neuropathologically with Purkinje cell loss resulting in symmetrical cerebellar atrophy. These repeat expansions can be interrupted by sequence motifs which have been attributed to seizures and are likely to act as genetic modifiers. We identified a Mexican kindred with multiple affected family members with expansions.

Aggregation and Its Influence on the Immunomodulatory Activity of Synthetic Innate Defense Regulator Peptides.

There is increasing interest in developing cationic host defense peptides (HDPs) and their synthetic derivatives as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anti-biofilm agents. These activities are often evaluated without considering biologically relevant concentrations of salts or serum; furthermore certain HDPs have been shown to aggregate in vitro. Here we examined the effect of aggregation on the immunomodulatory activity of a synthetic innate defense regulator peptide, 1018 (VRLIVAVRIWRR-NH).

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on improvement of cognition in elderly patients with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function in older patients with cognitive impairment.

Methods: A literature search was performed for articles published in English using the 10 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, INSPEC, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, AMED, Biological Sciences, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from their inception to May 2016.

Derivation of Leptomeninges Explant Cultures from Postmortem Human Brain Donors.

Even though great progress has been made in the clinical characterization of Parkinson's disease, several studies report that the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is not pathologically confirmed in up to 25% of clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease. Therefore, tissue collected from clinically diagnosed patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease can have a high rate of misdiagnosis; hence in vitro studies from such tissues to study Parkinson's disease as a preclinical model can become futile. By collecting postmortem human leptomeninges with a confirmed neuropathological diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and characterized by nigrostriatal cell loss and intracellular protein inclusions called Lewy bodies, one can be certain that clinically observed parkinsonism is not caused by another underlying disease process (e.

CD44 expression in endothelial colony-forming cells regulates neurovascular trophic effect.

Vascular abnormalities are a common component of eye diseases that often lead to vision loss. Vaso-obliteration is associated with inherited retinal degenerations, since photoreceptor atrophy lowers local metabolic demands and vascular support to those regions is no longer required. Given the degree of neurovascular crosstalk in the retina, it may be possible to use one cell type to rescue another cell type in the face of severe stress, such as hypoxia or genetically encoded cell-specific degenerations.

Deep sedation without intubation during second trimester surgical termination in an inpatient hospital setting.

Objectives: Safety of outpatient dilation and evacuations with intravenous (iv) sedation without intubation has been demonstrated, but there is a paucity of data on deep iv sedation on an inpatient second trimester surgical termination population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate complications of deep sedation with propofol without the use of intubation during second trimester surgical terminations in an inpatient teaching institution.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review of all obstetrical and anesthetic data from inpatient dilation and evacuations between gestational ages 15 0/7 and 24 0/7 during the years 2002 to 2015.