Overuse of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among hospitalized patients with liver disease.

Introduction: Patients with liver disease are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, little is understood regarding the safety and efficacy of VTE prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis. We examined the application of a VTE risk assessment model in VTE prophylaxis decision-making in a closed cohort of hospitalized patients with liver disease.

Methods: Sequential patients admitted to an inpatient hepatology service at a tertiary care center were evaluated for need for VTE prophylaxis.

Context-dependent memory following recurrent hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic rats is mediated via glucocorticoid signalling in the dorsal hippocampus.

Aims/hypothesis: Recurrent hypoglycaemia is primarily caused by repeated over-administration of insulin to patients with diabetes. Although cognition is impaired during hypoglycaemia, restoration of euglycaemia after recurrent hypoglycaemia is associated with improved hippocampally mediated memory. Recurrent hypoglycaemia alters glucocorticoid secretion in response to hypoglycaemia; glucocorticoids are well established to regulate hippocampal processes, suggesting a possible mechanism for recurrent hypoglycaemia modulation of subsequent cognition.

Intrahippocampal administration of a domain antibody that binds aggregated amyloid-β reverses cognitive deficits produced by diet-induced obesity.

Background: The prevalence of high fat diets (HFD), diet-induced obesity (DIO) and Type 2 diabetes continues to increase, associated with cognitive impairment in both humans and rodent models. Mechanisms transducing these impairments remain largely unknown: one possibility is that a common mechanism may be involved in the cognitive impairment seen in obese and/or diabetic states and in dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD). DIO is well established as a risk factor for development of AD.