Short apneas and periodic breathing in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit-Effects of sleep position, sleep state, and age.

This observational study investigated the effects of sleep position and sleep state on short apneas and periodic breathing in hospitalized preterm infants longitudinally, in relation to postmenstrual age. Preterm infants (25-31 weeks gestation, n = 29) were studied fortnightly after birth until discharge, in prone and supine positions, and in quiet sleep and active sleep. The percentage of time spent in each sleep state (percentage of time in quiet sleep and percentage of time in active sleep), percentage of total sleep time spent in short apneas and periodic breathing, respectively, the percentage of falls from baseline in heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral tissue oxygenation index during short apneas and periodic breathing, and the associated percentage of total sleep time with systemic (arterial oxygen saturation < 90%) and cerebral hypoxia (cerebral tissue oxygenation index < 55%) were analysed using a linear mixed model.

Prone sleeping affects cardiovascular control in preterm infants in NICU.

Background: Prone sleeping is used in preterm infants undergoing intensive care to improve respiratory function, but evidence suggests that this position may compromise autonomic cardiovascular control. To test this hypothesis, this study assessed the effects of the prone sleeping position on cardiovascular control in preterm infants undergoing intensive care treatment during early postnatal life.

Methods: Fifty-six preterm infants, divided into extremely preterm (gestational age (GA) 24-28 weeks, n = 23) and very preterm (GA 29-34 weeks, n = 33) groups, were studied weekly for 3 weeks in prone and supine positions, during quiet and active sleep.

The Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Pain in Preterm Infants With Fetal Growth Restriction.

Preterm infants undergoing intensive care often experience painful procedures such as heel lance for blood sampling. Knowledge of the cerebral hemodynamic response to painful stimuli contributes to understanding of cortical pain processing and the neurovascular network in the preterm brain. Previous research has demonstrated cerebral hemodynamic responses using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after noxious stimuli in infants appropriately grown for age (AGA).

Insights into the effects of sleep disordered breathing on the brain in infants and children: Imaging and cerebral oxygenation measurements.

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common condition in infants and children. SDB encompasses a spectrum of respiratory disorders, which are defined as either obstructive or central in nature. Obstructive SDB ranges in severity from primary snoring (PS), to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

When does prone sleeping improve cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants in the NICU?

Study Objectives: Preterm infants undergoing intensive care are often placed prone to improve respiratory function. Current clinical guidelines recommend preterm infants are slept supine from 32 weeks' postmenstrual age, regardless of gestational age at birth. However, respiratory function is also related to gestational and chronological ages and is affected by sleep state.

Effects of Prone Sleeping on Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants.

Objective: To determine the effect of prone sleeping on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Study Design: Preterm infants, divided into extremely preterm (gestational age 24-28 weeks; n = 23) and very preterm (gestational age 29-34 weeks; n = 33) groups, were studied weekly until discharge in prone and supine positions during active and quiet sleep. Cerebral tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO) were recorded.

Prone sleeping position in infancy: Implications for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function.

Advances in neonatal care have improved the survival rates of preterm infants, however, the likelihood of brain injury and neurodevelopmental disability remains a significant problem. Whilst the etiology of preterm brain injury is complex, impairments in the cardio- and cerebro-vascular function have been implicated. During infancy, sleep is vital for brain development.

Human papillomavirus 16-specific T-cell responses and spontaneous regression of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Background: Most anal cancers are attributable to persistent human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) infection. The anal cancer precursor, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), frequently regresses spontaneously. We hypothesized that T-cell responses are associated with HSIL regression.