'Elimination signals' in healthy, NON toilet trained children aged 0-4 years: A systematic review.

Objective: An early start of toilet training, which is related to a younger age of acquiring full bladder control, can generate important health advantages. Children display different 'elimination signals' related to voiding or defaecation. The aim of this systematic review is to map these 'elimination signals' in young, healthy children aged 0-4 years.

Parents' views on toilet training: a cross-sectional study in Flanders.

Aims: The goals of this research were to investigate parents' perceptions of toilet training and their beliefs and views on how to toilet train children.

Methods: Questionnaires were provided to parents of healthy children, aged 18-72 months, who were or had just finished toilet training. There were 928 questionnaires returned (38% response rate).

Hyperexcitability of the Central Nervous System in Children with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Hyperexcitability of the central nervous system plays an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain in adults. This knowledge has led to improved treatment strategies within this population. In children, however, research on the presence of central hyperexcitability is scarce.

The voiding pattern in healthy pre- and term infants and toddlers: a literature review.

Unlabelled: Toilet training in Western culture starts between 18 and 24 months. At this age, a child is assumed to have procured the competences needed for bladder control. Since the knowledge of reference values of a normal micturition serves as a guide to diagnose urologic pathology, the aim of this systematic review is to obtain a more comprehensive picture of normal voiding pattern in healthy infants, who have not yet reached bladder control.

Prognostic factors for discharge destination after acute stroke: a comprehensive literature review.

Purpose: In the future, budget constraints will make efficient care for stroke patients more important. The cost of hospitalization for stroke is high. It is desirable to consider a patient's discharge destination soon after onset and thereby screen patients for further care.