The ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation: Supporting and advancing clinical nutrition research.

The vision of the ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation is to promote innovation and research discovery to improve nutrition care and health. The Foundation was launched in 1993, incorporated in 2002, and established as a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization in 2007. On the occasion of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)'s 50th anniversary, this article examines the creation of the Foundation, the state of clinical nutrition research funding, the Foundation's philanthropic mission, and the return on investment of Foundation grant support.

Impact of a specialized oral nutritional supplement on quality of life in older adults following hospitalization: Post-hoc analysis of the NOURISH trial.

Background & Aims: Both during and after hospitalization, nutritional care with daily intake of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) improves health outcomes and decreases risk of mortality in malnourished older adults. In a post-hoc analysis of data from hospitalized older adults with malnutrition risk, we sought to determine whether consuming a specialized ONS (S-ONS) containing high protein and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) can also improve Quality of Life (QoL).

Methods: We analyzed data from the NOURISH trial-a randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center, double-blind study conducted in patients with congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Epidemiology, survival, costs, and quality of life in adults with short bowel syndrome.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder with known physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens and significant morbidity and mortality. Many individuals with SBS require long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The incidence and prevalence of SBS is difficult to determine because it is often based on HPN usage and may not account for those who receive intravenous fluids or achieve enteral autonomy.

Anatomical and physiological considerations in short bowel syndrome: Emphasis on intestinal adaptation and the role of enterohormones.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS)-associated intestinal failure (IF) is a complex, life-threatening condition that requires complex care of multiple factors impacting the patient's long-term prognosis. Various etiologies result in SBS-IF, with three primary anatomical subtypes occurring following intestinal resection. Depending on the extent and segment(s) of the intestine resected, malabsorption can be nutrient specific or sweeping; however, such issues and the associated prognosis for the patient can be predicted with analysis of the residual intestine, along with baseline nutrient and fluid deficits and extent of malabsorption.

Management of short-bowel syndrome: A survey of unmet educational needs among healthcare providers.

Background: Management of short-bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Because of the rarity of SBS-IF, healthcare professionals (HCPs) often lack clinical experience with the disease and may benefit from education regarding SBS-IF and its management. This study identified unmet educational needs related to the management of patients with SBS-IF.

Learn Intestinal Failure Tele-ECHO Project: An innovative online telementoring and case-based learning clinic.

Intestinal failure (IF) is a rare chronic disease requiring intravenous (IV) fluids or parenteral nutrition (PN) dependency for optimal patient health and sustenance. The complex care is best managed by specialized multidisciplinary teams. Patients who have limited access to intestinal rehabilitation centers often receive IV/PN care from clinicians lacking specialty expertise.

Disseminating Knowledge in Intestinal Failure: Initial Report of the Learn Intestinal Failure Tele-ECHO (LIFT-ECHO) Project.

Background: Intestinal failure (IF) is defined as an ultrarare disease, with an estimated prevalence of ∼25,000 cases in the US. There is a suspicion of disparities in outcomes in IF care, likely related to widespread lack of expertise. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model originally described by Dr Sanjeev Arora has been used to disseminate knowledge and best practices in many chronic diseases to improve outcomes.

Fermentable Fibers Enhance Aspects of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Piglets infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that fermentable fiber prevents Salmonella typhimurium infection-associated symptoms by enhancing innate and adaptive immune system in neonatal pigs.

Methods: Two-d-old piglets (n=120) were randomized to receive either a nutritionally complete sow milk replacer formula (CON), or supplemented with methylcellulose (MCEL-non-fermentable), soy polysaccharides (SPS-moderately fermentable), or fructooligosaccharides (FOS-highly fermentable). On d7, piglets received an oral gavage of S.

Reduced mortality risk in malnourished hospitalized older adult patients with COPD treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: Sub-group analysis of the NOURISH study.

Background: Hospitalized, malnourished older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an elevated risk of readmission and mortality.

Objective: Post-hoc, sub-group analysis from the NOURISH study cohort examined the effect of a high-protein oral nutritional supplement (ONS) containing HMB (HP-HMB) in malnourished, hospitalized older adults with COPD and to identify predictors of outcomes.

Methods: The NOURISH study (n = 652) was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community.

Background: This initiative aims to build a global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults in clinical settings.

Methods: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was convened by several of the major global clinical nutrition societies. Empirical consensus was reached through a series of face-to-face meetings, telephone conferences, and e-mail communications.

Implications of low muscle mass across the continuum of care: a narrative review.

Abnormalities in body composition can occur at any body weight. Low muscle mass is a predictor of poor morbidity and mortality and occurs in several populations. This narrative review provides an overview of the importance of low muscle mass on health outcomes for patients in inpatient, outpatient and long-term care clinical settings.

Human Milk Oligosaccharides Influence Intestinal Epithelial Cell Maturation In Vitro.

Objectives: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are reported to promote epithelial cell differentiation in vitro. The aim of the present study was to assess induction of epithelial cell differentiation by individual and combined administration of 3 HMOs.

Methods: An in vitro epithelial model of the crypt-villus axis consisting of preconfluent HT-29, preconfluent Caco-2Bbe, and postconfluent Caco-2Bbe cells was used.

Nondigestible Fructans Alter Gastrointestinal Barrier Function, Gene Expression, Histomorphology, and the Microbiota Profiles of Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice.

Background: Obesity is associated with compromised intestinal barrier function and shifts in gastrointestinal microbiota that may contribute to inflammation. Fiber provides benefits, but impacts of fiber type are not understood.

Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of cellulose compared with fructans on the fecal microbiota and gastrointestinal physiology in obese mice.

A Novel Neonatal Feeding Intolerance and Necrotizing Enterocolitis Risk-Scoring Tool Is Easy to Use and Valued by Nursing Staff.

Background: Preterm infants are at increased risk of developing feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis. Comprehensive, targeted nursing assessments can evaluate the risk for and identify early signs of these conditions in an effort to prevent their destructive sequela.

Purpose: While the long-term goal is to develop a validated risk-scoring tool for the prediction of feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis, the objective of the preliminary phase presented here is to assess the ease of use and nurses' attitudes toward a novel feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis risk-scoring tool.

Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Hospitalized, malnourished older adults have a high risk of readmission and mortality.

Objective: Evaluation of a high-protein oral nutritional supplement (HP-HMB) containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on postdischarge outcomes of nonelective readmission and mortality in malnourished, hospitalized older adults.

Design: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

A unifying vision for scientific decision making: the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Scientific Integrity Principles.

In 2014, recognizing the need to have a single document to guide scientific decision making at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy), the Council on Research was charged with developing a scientific integrity policy for the organization. From the Council on Research, four members volunteered to lead this workgroup, which reviewed the literature and best practices for scientific integrity from well-respected organizations, including federal funders of research. It became clear that the scope of this document would be quite broad, given the many scientific activities the Academy is involved in, and that it would be unreasonable to set policy for each of these many situations.

Teduglutide-Stimulated Intestinal Adaptation Is Complemented and Synergistically Enhanced by Partial Enteral Nutrition in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogue, is available for long-term use by parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent adults to promote intestinal adaptation but is not approved for use in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to assess teduglutide-stimulated induced intestinal adaptation, potential synergies with partial enteral nutrition (PEN), and distinct temporal markers of adaptation in a neonatal piglet model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).

Materials And Methods: Neonatal piglets (48 hours old; n = 72) underwent an 80% jejunoileal resection and were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment groups, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with PN or PEN (80% standard PN/20% standard enteral nutrition) and teduglutide (0.

Teduglutide for Safe Reduction of Parenteral Nutrient and/or Fluid Requirements in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Background: Teduglutide (Gattex; NPS Pharma, Bedminster, NJ), a recombinant analogue of human glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), is the first long-term medical therapy approved for the treatment of adults dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN).

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of teduglutide in reducing PN (parenteral nutrient and/or fluid) requirements in PN-dependent adults.

Methods: Studies were identified using predefined search criteria and multiple databases, including Medline and Embase.

Evidence-based recommendations for addressing malnutrition in health care: an updated strategy from the feedM.E. Global Study Group.

The prevalence of malnutrition ranges up to 50% among patients in hospitals worldwide, and disease-related malnutrition is all too common in long-term and other health care settings as well. Regrettably, the numbers have not improved over the past decade. The consequences of malnutrition are serious, including increased complications (pressure ulcers, infections, falls), longer hospital stays, more frequent readmissions, increased costs of care, and higher risk of mortality.

Intestinal adaptation following resection.

Intestinal adaptation is a natural compensatory process that occurs following extensive intestinal resection, whereby structural and functional changes in the intestine improve nutrient and fluid absorption in the remnant bowel. In animal studies, postresection structural adaptations include bowel lengthening and thickening and increases in villus height and crypt depth. Functional changes include increased nutrient transporter expression, accelerated crypt cell differentiation, and slowed transit time.

Human milk oligosaccharides influence maturation of human intestinal Caco-2Bbe and HT-29 cell lines.

Stimulation of gastrointestinal tract maturation is 1 of the many benefits of human milk. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant in human milk and are reported to promote enterocyte differentiation in vitro. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of 3 predominant HMOs on multiple aspects of enterocyte maturation in vitro.