CT Honeycombing and Traction Bronchiectasis Extent Independently Predict Survival across Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes.

Background Prognostic value of radiologic features in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been predominantly studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but findings vary. The relative importance of features versus guideline-defined patterns in predicting outcomes is unknown. Purpose To identify radiologic features that are independently associated with transplant-free survival beyond clinical predictive factors across all ILD subtypes, and to identify whether individual features versus patterns are more important for prognostication.

BAL Fluid Cellular Analysis and Radiologic Patterns in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: BAL cellular analysis is often recommended during the initial diagnostic evaluation of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD). Despite recommendation for its use, between-center heterogeneity exists and supportive data concerning the clinical utility and correlation of BAL findings with radiologic features or patterns remain sparse.

Research Question: In patients with fibrotic ILD, are BAL findings associated with radiologic features, patterns, and clinical diagnoses?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD who underwent BAL for diagnostic evaluation and who were enrolled in the prospective Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis were re-reviewed in a standardized multidisciplinary discussion (MDD).

A correctable immune niche for epithelial stem cell reprogramming and post-viral lung diseases.

Epithelial barriers are programmed for defense and repair but are also the site of long-term structural remodeling and disease. In general, this paradigm features epithelial stem cells (ESCs) that are called on to regenerate damaged tissues but can also be reprogrammed for detrimental remodeling. Here we identified a Wfdc21-dependent monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) population that functioned as an early sentinel niche for basal ESC reprogramming in mouse models of epithelial injury after respiratory viral infection.

The Clinical Frailty Scale for Risk Stratification in Patients With Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: Previous studies have shown the importance of frailty in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Research Question: Is the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) a valid tool to improve risk stratification in patients with fibrotic ILD?

Study Design And Methods: Patients with fibrotic ILD were included from the prospective multicenter Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. The CFS was assessed using available information from initial ILD clinic visits.

Lung imaging patterns in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease impact prognosis and immunosuppression response.

Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in CTDs has highly variable morphology. We aimed to identify imaging features and their impact on ILD progression, mortality, and immunosuppression response.

Methods: Patients with CTD-ILD had high-resolution chest CT (HRCT) reviewed by expert radiologists blinded to clinical data for overall imaging pattern [usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP); non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); organizing pneumonia (OP); fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP); and other].

Early Discharge for Revision Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: Predictors of Success.

Background: The rate of revision total joint arthroplasties is expected to increase drastically in the near future. Given the recent pandemic, there has been a general push toward early discharge. This study aimed to assess for predictors of early postoperative discharge after revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) and revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA).

Adverse Events and Compliance Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated With Home- vs Office-Based Biologic Infusions.

Background: Biologic medications are a common therapy for those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are limited data on the outcomes of home-based biologic infusions for patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of biologic infusions for IBD patients who receive either home- or office-based administration.

An Unusual Presentation of SCAD in a Young Male Soldier.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in young individuals without significant cardiovascular risk factors. The etiology of SCAD appears to be multifactorial and is often precipitated by physical and emotional stress superimposed on underlying arteriopathy, connective tissue disorders, systemic inflammatory disorders, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. There are no current societal guidelines to stratify young soldiers' risk of developing SCAD.

Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage - China, 2018-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The World Health Organization set a 2030 target of 70% cervical cancer screening coverage for women aged 35-45 years. Coverage stood at 37% in China in 2015.

What Is Added By This Report?: In 2018-2019, China's cervical cancer screening coverage reached 43.

Pembrolizumab Induced Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab have radically improved the prognosis for many patients with advanced malignancies. Although revolutionary, its use can be complicated and limited by various immune-related adverse effects. Effective management depends on early recognition and prompt intervention.

Interstitial Lung Disease in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Pathogenic Considerations and Impact for Patients' Outcomes.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides an update on recent advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and treatment approaches for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) vasculitis-associated interstitial lung disease (AAV-ILD) with a focus on literature published in the last 3 years.

Recent Findings: Although there is no validated definition of AAV-ILD, which contributes to some of the heterogeneity seen in study results, there has been an increasing number of publications in recent years on this topic. Most patients with AAV-ILD have MPO-ANCA vasculitis, and this association appears to reduce their 5-year-survival to 60-66% (Sun et al.

Characterizing Behaviors Associated with Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Infants in Rural Ecuador through Structured Observations.

The relative importance of environmental pathways that results in enteropathogen transmission may vary by context. However, measurement of contact events between individuals and the environment remains a challenge, especially for infants and young children who may use their mouth and hands to explore their environment. Using a mixed-method approach, we combined 1) semistructured observations to characterize key behaviors associated with enteric pathogen exposure and 2) structured observations using Livetrak, a customized software application, to quantify the frequency and duration of contacts events among infants in rural Ecuador.

Cashew-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy: A Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure.

We present a rare case of cashew-induced oxalate nephropathy in a 69 year old veteran male with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, nephrolithiasis, and undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxalate nephropathy is a rare cause of acute renal failure with poor prognosis. The various causes of oxalate nephropathy are categorized as primary or secondary hyperoxaluria.

Recognition of nonproline N-terminal residues by the Pro/N-degron pathway.

Eukaryotic N-degron pathways are proteolytic systems whose unifying feature is their ability to recognize proteins containing N-terminal (Nt) degradation signals called N-degrons, and to target these proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome or autophagy. GID4, a subunit of the GID ubiquitin ligase, is the main recognition component of the proline (Pro)/N-degron pathway. GID4 targets proteins through their Nt-Pro residue or a Pro at position 2, in the presence of specific downstream sequence motifs.

Effect of Mobile Health Interventions on the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the strong uptake of mobile health (mhealth) technology targeted at cardiovascular care, it is still unclear if this improves adherence to therapy and patient-related outcomes in those with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A systematic search of English and Chinese language studies was conducted to investigate the benefit of mhealth technology for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Results: Twenty-seven studies with 5165 patients were included in the systematic review.

Development of a mobile phone-based intervention to improve adherence to secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in China.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major disease burden globally and in China, but secondary prevention among CHD patients remains insufficient. Mobile health (mHealth) technology holds promise for improving secondary prevention but few previous studies included both provider-facing and patient-directed measures. We conducted a physician needs assessment survey (n = 59), physician interviews (n = 6), one focus group and a short cellphone message validation survey (n = 14) in Shanghai and Hainan, China.

Deep inspiration breath hold with electromagnetic confirmation of chest wall position for adjuvant therapy of left-sided breast cancer: Technique and accuracy.

Purpose: With most patients now living long after their breast cancer diagnosis, minimizing long-term side effects of breast cancer treatment, such as reducing late cardiac and pulmonary side effects of radiation therapy (RT), is particularly important. It is now possible to use an electromagnetic tracking system to allow real-time tracking of chest wall (CW) position during the delivery of RT. Here, we report our experience using electromagnetic surface transponders as an added measure of CW position during deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH).