Analysis of the impact of secondary prophylaxis on recurrence in critically ill adults.

Introduction: (formerly ) infection recurrence in patients re-exposed to antibiotics for treatment of a non- infection is high at approximately 33%. Low-dose per os vancomycin (e.g.

Is there a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization in patients with antibiotic allergy labels?

Background: A penicillin allergy label has been associated with significantly higher rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization, and correspondingly poorer clinical outcomes. However, there are limited data examining the association between any antibiotic label and colonization rates. We sought to evaluate if there is a relationship between patients with an antibiotic allergy label and prevalence of MRSA or VRE colonization.

The Impact of the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Community-Onset Pneumonia on Readmission Rates: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Recent publications have confirmed that 70% of hospitalized adults with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia and health-care-associated pneumonia are prescribed a duration therapy that exceeds current guideline recommendations.

Objective: The primary objective is to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic duration and all-cause 30-day readmission rates. Secondary outcomes include pneumonia-specific 30-day readmission rate and identification of risk factors for readmission.

An Exploratory Study of Suboxone (Buprenorphine/Naloxone) Film Splitting: Cutting Methods, Content Uniformity, and Stability.

Suboxone films are U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved to treat opioid dependence.

The Relationship Between Prior Experiences in Mathematics and Pharmacy School Success.

To assess students' pre-pharmacy math experiences, confidence in math ability, and relationship between experiences, confidence, and grades in math-based pharmacy courses. A cross-sectional survey of first year to third year pharmacy students was conducted. Students reported type of pre-pharmacy math courses taken, when they were taken [high school (HS) vs.

The Use of Telemedicine for Penicillin Allergy Skin Testing.

Background: Penicillin skin testing (PST) is increasingly used as a tool to evaluate penicillin allergy in patients with a reported history. The limited availability of allergists, however, may be an impeding factor.

Objective: We sought to assess the clinical utility of telemedicine to facilitate PST.

Evaluation of Over-the-Counter Medication Knowledge and Literacy in Adolescent Students.

Objective: To 1) assess and compare knowledge and literacy of over-the-counter (OTC) medications among middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students, and 2) to assess student self-identified lack of knowledge regarding OTC medications.

Methods: A convenience sample of suburban adolescent students completed a 2-part survey about OTC medications: part 1 included demographics and baseline knowledge of OTCs, and part 2 included medication label interpretation (literacy). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to summarize and compare responses among MS and HS students.

Enhanced Adherence in Patients Using an Automated Home Medication Dispenser.

Background: Many factors contribute to medication nonadherence including psychological and memory disorders, aging, and pill burden. The Automated Home Medication Dispenser (AHMD) is a medication management system intended to help solve unintentional medication nonadherence.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if use of the AHMD improved medication adherence.

A survey of inpatient practitioner knowledge of penicillin allergy at 2 community teaching hospitals.

Background: The negative effect of the penicillin allergy label on antibiotic use and patient outcomes has brought to light the need for thorough penicillin allergy assessments and heightened practitioner education.

Objective: To evaluate practitioner knowledge of penicillin allergy and the clinical approach to the patients with penicillin allergy.

Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to attending physicians, residents, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants practicing adult inpatient medicine at 2 community-based teaching hospitals from February to April 2016.

Medication adherence in patients with myotonic dystrophy and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) are the two most common adult muscular dystrophies and have progressive and often disabling manifestations. Higher levels of medication adherence lead to better health outcomes, especially important to patients with DM and FSHD because of their multisystem manifestations and complexity of care. However, medication adherence has not previously been studied in a large cohort of DM type 1 (DM1), DM type 2 (DM2), and FSHD patients.

Parent and Child Independent Report of Emotional Responses to Asthma-Specific Vignettes: The Relationship Between Emotional States, Self-Management Behaviors, and Symptoms.

Unlabelled: Little is known about the emotional intelligence (EI) of parents and their children with asthma. Objectives of this study were to assess: 1) parent's and children's report of emotions in response to an asthma vignette (proxy for EI) and 2) the relationship between emotions, self-management behaviors, and symptoms.

Design And Methods: We conducted a descriptive, mixed methods study of children 7-12 years old with asthma.

The relationship between helplessness and the child's asthma symptoms: the role of social support.

Objective: Objectives of this study were to survey parents and children independently regarding feelings of helplessness specific to asthma and to examine the relationship between helplessness and the child's symptom-free days.

Methods: Parent-child dyads (children 7-12 years) from Rochester, NY were enrolled (November 2011-August 2012) from general pediatric clinics, pulmonary clinics, an Emergency Department, and area youth and asthma programs. Assessments included demographics, symptoms, ratings of helplessness related to asthma and parent social support.

Health literacy and sources of health information for caregivers of urban children with asthma.

Little is known about the resources used by urban caregivers of children with asthma to obtain health information. The authors analyzed data for 304 families of children with persistent asthma to describe (1) sources of health information, (2) access and use of Internet resources, and (3) the association between the caregiver's health literacy (HL) and use of health information sources. Overall, 37% of caregivers had limited HL.

Randomized controlled trial to improve care for urban children with asthma: results of the School-Based Asthma Therapy trial.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the School-Based Asthma Therapy trial on asthma symptoms among urban children with persistent asthma.

Design: Randomized trial, with children stratified by smoke exposure in the home and randomized to a school-based care group or a usual care control group.

Setting: Rochester, New York.

Innovative delivery of newborn anticipatory guidance: a randomized, controlled trial incorporating media-based learning into primary care.

Objective: Recent initiatives seek to incorporate efficient, evidence-based practices into primary care. This study tested the feasibility, impact, and acceptance of incorporating a DVD of newborn anticipatory guidance into routine well-child care.

Methods: This randomized trial tested a 15-minute educational DVD intervention versus control condition with paper handouts on newborn anticipatory guidance.

Parent knowledge, attitudes, and household practices regarding SHS exposure: a case-control study of urban children with and without asthma.

Impoverished children suffer disproportionately from asthma and are more likely than other children to be exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). We conducted a case-control study to describe and compare knowledge, attitudes, and household practices regarding SHS exposure among parents of young urban children with and without asthma (response rate, 76%). Overall, 39% of children lived with > or =1 smoker (cases, 36%; controls, 43%).

Motivation to quit smoking among parents of urban children with asthma.

Objective: To identify factors associated with motivation to quit smoking among parents of urban children with asthma.

Methods: We analyzed data from parents who smoke and had a child enrolled in the School-Based Asthma Therapy (SBAT) trial. We assessed asthma symptoms, children's cotinine, and parent smoking behaviors.

Underestimation of children's weight status: views of parents in an urban community.

Objective: To examine the relationship between parents' underestimation of their child's weight status and concerns about their child's weight and health.

Methods: We conducted interviews with parents in an urban pediatric clinic (January through June 2006). Children's height and weight were measured at the visit using standard techniques.

Screen time use among urban children with asthma.

Objective: To describe screen time use and factors related to screen time among urban children with persistent asthma.

Methods: We analyzed data for 224 children (aged 3 to 10 years) with persistent asthma. Parents reported on children's asthma severity, screen time use, and family practices regarding screen time.

The role of parent health literacy among urban children with persistent asthma.

Unlabelled: Health literacy (HL) affects adult asthma management, yet less is known about how parent HL affects child asthma care.

Objective: To examine associations between parent HL and measures related to child asthma.

Methods: Parents of 499 school-age urban children with persistent asthma in Rochester, New York completed home interviews.

Screening for environmental tobacco smoke exposure among inner-city children with asthma.

Objectives: The goals were (1) to develop an index measure of environmental tobacco smoke based on parent self-report of smoking behaviors and (2) to determine whether the index score was associated with children's present and future cotinine levels.

Methods: Data were drawn from a community intervention for inner-city children with persistent asthma (N=226; response rate: 72%). Measures of child salivary cotinine levels and parent self-reported environmental tobacco smoke-related behaviors were obtained at baseline and 7 to 9 months later.

Environmental tobacco smoke and behaviors of inner-city children with asthma.

Objective: To explore the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and behavior among inner-city children with significant asthma.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data for 200 children 4 to 10 years old who were enrolled in an asthma program. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was measured by the child's salivary cotinine level.