Content Validity and Psychometric Evaluation of the Crohn's Symptom Severity (CSS) Questionnaire in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease.

Introduction: Individuals living with Crohn's disease (CD) experience burdensome symptoms. As such, it is important to measure CD symptom severity in clinical research. The goal of this study was to evaluate the content validity, psychometric performance, and score interpretability of a new patient-reported instrument, the Crohn's Symptom Severity (CSS) questionnaire, among adolescents and adults with moderately to severely active CD.

A Study of the Reliability, Validity, and Physiological Changes of Sit-to-Stand Tests in People With Heart Failure.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the psychometric properties and physiological response of the five times sit-to-stand (STST-5) and 60-sec sit-to-stand test (STST-60) in adults with heart failure (HF).

Methods: People with HF enrolled in a 12-wk exercise rehabilitation program completed two STST-5 and two STST-60 as part of their usual baseline and follow-up assessments. Test-retest reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the two STSTs were described.

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC.

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6   6   6 m liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light.

Clinical burden associated with therapies for cardio-pulmonary critical decompensation in preterm neonates across Canadian neonatal intensive care units.

Unlabelled: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to study the clinical burden associated with cardio-pulmonary critical decompensations (CPCDs) in preterm neonates and factors associated with mortality. Through the Canadian Neonatal Network (30 tertiary NICUs, 2010-2017), we identified infants < 32-week gestational age with CPCDs, defined by "significant exposure" to cardiotropes and/or inhaled nitric oxide (iNO): (1) either therapy for ≥ 3 consecutive days, (2) both for ≥ 2 consecutive days, or (3) any exposure within 2 days of death. Early CPCDs (≤ 3 days of age) and late CPCDs (> 3 days) were examined separately.

Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration.

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM).

Dentate Nucleus Neuronal Density: A Postmortem Study of Essential Tremor Versus Control Brains.

Background: Essential tremor involves the cerebellum, yet quantitative analysis of dentate nucleus neurons has not been conducted.

Objectives: To quantitatively compare neuronal density or neuronal number in the dentate nucleus of essential tremor versus age-matched controls.

Methods: Using a 7-μm thick Luxol fast blue hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin section, dentate nucleus neuronal density (neurons/mm ) was determined in 25 essential tremor cases and 25 controls.

Safety and Efficacy Results of a Phase I, Open-Label Study of Concurrent and Delayed Nivolumab in Combination With -Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Multicenter, phase I study of concurrent and delayed nivolumab plus -paclitaxel/carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC (ineligible for potentially curative radiation or surgery) received -paclitaxel 100 mg/m (days 1, 8, 15) and carboplatin area under the curve 6 (day 1) intravenously every 21 days (first 4 cycles); nivolumab 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously (day 15) beginning in cycle 1 (concurrent) or cycle 3 (delayed) in separate cohorts and continued beyond the 4 chemotherapy cycles. The primary objective was to assess safety.

Development and Validation of a Test to Monitor Endoscopic Activity in Patients With Crohn's Disease Based on Serum Levels of Proteins.

Background & Aims: Noninvasive tests to measure endoscopic activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have limitations. We aimed to develop a test to identify patients in remission, based on endoscopic analysis, and monitor CD activity based on serum levels of proteins.

Methods: We developed a test to measure 13 proteins in blood (ANG1, ANG2, CRP, SAA1, IL7, EMMPRIN, MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, TGFA, CEACAM1, and VCAM1), called the endoscopic healing index [EHI], using samples from 278 patients with CD from a multinational training cohort.

Fuel for the Work Required: A Theoretical Framework for Carbohydrate Periodization and the Glycogen Threshold Hypothesis.

Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability to enhance endurance-training-induced metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle (i.e. the 'train low, compete high' paradigm) is a hot topic within sport nutrition.

Microsurgical Endoscope-Assisted Gravity-Aided Transfalcine Approach for Contralateral Metastatic Deep Medial Cortical Tumors.

Background: Traditional approaches to deep medial cortical tumors utilize transcortical or ipislateral interhemispheric approaches, which can result in cortical damage or retraction injury. To reduce these risks, the microscopic transfalcine approach has been previously described.

Objective: To describe this approach performed with endoscopic assistance for metastatic tumor resection, demonstrating appropriate and safe tumor resection without injury to the contralateral hemisphere.

Sporulation capability and amylosome conservation among diverse human colonic and rumen isolates of the keystone starch-degrader Ruminococcus bromii.

Ruminococcus bromii is a dominant member of the human colonic microbiota that plays a 'keystone' role in degrading dietary resistant starch. Recent evidence from one strain has uncovered a unique cell surface 'amylosome' complex that organizes starch-degrading enzymes. New genome analysis presented here reveals further features of this complex and shows remarkable conservation of amylosome components between human colonic strains from three different continents and a R.

Cerebellar pathology in childhood-onset vs. adult-onset essential tremor.

Although the incidence of ET increases with advancing age, the disease may begin at any age, including childhood. The question arises as to whether childhood-onset ET cases manifest the same sets of pathological changes in the cerebellum as those whose onset is during adult life. We quantified a broad range of postmortem features (Purkinje cell [PC] counts, PC axonal torpedoes, a host of associated axonal changes [PC axonal recurrent collateral count, PC thickened axonal profile count, PC axonal branching count], heterotopic PCs, and basket cell rating) in 60 ET cases (11 childhood-onset and 49 adult-onset) and 30 controls.

Heterotopic Purkinje Cells: a Comparative Postmortem Study of Essential Tremor and Spinocerebellar Ataxias 1, 2, 3, and 6.

Essential tremor (ET) is among the most common neurological diseases. Postmortem studies have noted a series of pathological changes in the ET cerebellum. Heterotopic Purkinje cells (PCs) are those whose cell body is mis-localized in the molecular layer.

Cerebellar Pathology in Familial vs. Sporadic Essential Tremor.

Familial and sporadic essential tremor (ET) cases differ in several respects. Whether they differ with respect to cerebellar pathologic changes has yet to be studied. We quantified a broad range of postmortem features (Purkinje cell (PC) counts, PC axonal torpedoes, a host of associated axonal changes, heterotopic PCs, and hairy basket ratings) in 60 ET cases and 30 controls.

Excitatory Amino acid transporter expression in the essential tremor dentate nucleus and cerebellar cortex: A postmortem study.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have revealed a link between essential tremor (ET) and the gene SLC1A2, which encodes excitatory amino acid transporter type 2 (EAAT2). We explored EAAT biology in ET by quantifying EAAT2 and EAAT1 levels in the cerebellar dentate nucleus, and expanded our prior analysis of EAAT2 levels in the cerebellar cortex.

Objective: To quantify EAAT2 and EAAT1 levels in the cerebellar dentate nucleus and cerebellar cortex of ET cases vs.

Cerebellar Pathology in Early Onset and Late Onset Essential Tremor.

Early onset and late onset essential tremor (ET) cases differ in several respects. Whether they differ with respect to cerebellar pathologic changes remains to be determined. We quantified a broad range of postmortem features (Purkinje cell (PC) counts, PC axonal torpedoes and associated axonal changes, heterotopic PCs, and hairy basket ratings) in 30 ET cases with age of tremor onset <50 years, 30 ET cases with age of tremor onset ≥50 years, and 30 controls (total n = 90).

Climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic pathology in tremor and cerebellar degenerative diseases.

Changes in climbing fiber-Purkinje cell (CF-PC) synaptic connections have been found in the essential tremor (ET) cerebellum, and these changes are correlated with tremor severity. Whether these postmortem changes are specific to ET remains to be investigated. We assessed CF-PC synaptic pathology in the postmortem cerebellum across a range of degenerative movement disorders [10 Parkinson's disease (PD) cases, 10 multiple system atrophy (MSA) cases, 10 spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) cases, and 20 ET cases] and 25 controls.

Endoscopic and Gravity-Assisted Resection of Medial Temporo-occipital Lesions Through a Supracerebellar Transtentorial Approach: Technical Notes With Case Illustrations.

Background: Traditional approaches to medial temporo-occipital intra-axial brain tumors carry the risk of visual or language deficits related to brain retraction or transgression of deep fiber tracts. To reduce these risks, the microscopic supracerebellar transtentorial approach with the patient in the sitting position has been previously described for lesions in relative proximity to the tentorium.

Objective: We describe this approach performed with endoscopic tumor resection to allow better visualization and a more ergonomic operating position.

Mapping Purkinje Cell Placement Along the Purkinje Cell Layer: an Analysis of Postmortem Tissue from Essential Tremor Patients vs. Controls.

Postmortem studies have reported Purkinje cell loss in essential tremor (ET), and we recently demonstrated a significant increase in the mean distance between Purkinje cell bodies (i.e., a larger gap length distance) in ET cases vs.

Evolution of minimally invasive approaches to the sella and parasellar region.

Introduction Given advancements in endoscopic image quality, instrumentation, surgical navigation, skull base closure techniques, and anatomical understanding, the endonasal endoscopic approach has rapidly evolved into a widely utilized technique for removal of sellar and parasellar tumors. Although pituitary adenomas and Rathke cleft cysts constitute the majority of lesions removed via this route, craniopharyngiomas, clival chordomas, parasellar meningiomas, and other lesions are increasingly removed using this approach. Paralleling the evolution of the endonasal route to the parasellar region, the supraorbital eyebrow craniotomy has also been increasingly used as an alternative minimally invasive approach to reach this skull base region.

Surgical challenges associated with the morphology of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior cervical triangle: functional or structural?

Object: The spinal accessory nerve (SAN) has been reported to have a distinctly coiled appearance in its course through the posterior cervical triangle of the neck. As this is unusual compared with other peripheral nerves including the cranial nerves, the present histological analysis was performed to further elucidate the reason for this anatomy with potential application in nerve injury and repair.

Methods: Ten adult cadavers underwent dissection of the neck.

Geographic prevalence and multilevel determination of community-level factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in Chennai, India.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, and it increases the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at least twofold. Individual-level factors are insufficient to explain geographic and population variation in HSV-2, suggesting the need to identify ecologic factors. The authors sought to determine the geographic prevalence and community-level factors associated with HSV-2 after controlling for individual-level factors among slums in Chennai, India.

Histopathological basis for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Laboratory investigation.

Object: To the best of the authors' knowledge, no report exists that has demonstrated the histopathological changes of neural elements within the brachial plexus as a result of cervical rib compression.

Methods: Four hundred seventy-five consecutive human cadavers were evaluated for the presence of cervical ribs. From this cohort, 2 male specimens (0.

Bilateral, simultaneous, spontaneous rupture of quadriceps tendons without trauma in an obese patient: a case report.

This is a single case report of bilateral, simultaneous, spontaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendon caused by obesity without trauma. The patient was a 52-year-old, 350-pound, morbidly obese man with a sedentary life style whose quadriceps tendons ruptured while he was descending a staircase. He presented with a large deficit superior to the patella and an inability to straighten his knees.