Incidence and predictors of anthracycline-related left ventricular dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia.

Introduction: Anthracycline-related left ventricular dysfunction (ARLVD) is a concern in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing anthracyclinecontaining induction chemotherapy. However, the incidence of ARLVD in the modern era of routine pretreatment left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) echocardiographic assessment, as well as the clinical and genetic predictors of ARLVD are not well understood.

Methods: Consecutive adult patients with AML receiving anthracycline-containing induction chemotherapy at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 2014 to 2022 were studied.

Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and variable cytopenias with a considerable risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Epidemiological assessment of MDS remains challenging because of evolving classification systems, but the overall incidence in the United States is estimated to be approximately 4 per 100,000 and increases with age. The sequential accumulation of mutations drives disease evolution from asymptomatic clonal hematopoiesis (CH) to CH of indeterminate potential, clonal cytopenia of unknown significance, to frank MDS.

Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 infection in children.

Introduction: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been authorized for the treatment of COVID-19 in pediatric populations, however, there is a lack of evidence for their use in these populations.

Areas Covered: We outline the evidence of mAbs for COVID-19, discuss their use in the treatment of COVID-19 infection for pediatric patients, and consider alternative treatment options and challenges to COVID-19 drug approvals.

Expert Opinion: Limited evidence exists for the safety and efficacy of mAbs to treat COVID-19 in children as new variants emerge.

Yield and Predictors of Surveillance Colonoscopies in Older Adults With Long-standing Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: Although colonoscopies for dysplasia surveillance are standard of care in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC), there is a paucity of data on the yield of surveillance colonoscopies in those older than 75 years of age.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study including patients with UC who underwent ≥1 colonoscopy at age ≥75 years. The primary outcome was diagnosis of dysplasia (visible or random) and colorectal cancer.

Challenges of Screening Prospective Stool Donors for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Despite high efficacy rates, significant costs and logistical challenges associated with procuring stool from healthy donors for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have presented barriers to broader institutional adoption and limited the availability of this life-saving treatment. Published outcomes for donor screening programs report donor deferral rates between 90% and 96%. Due to the paucity of FMT donor screening data, a secondary analysis on a cohort of previously screened donors (n = 7,968) was conducted to provide a synopsis of the observed trends and rationales for prospective stool donor deferrals.

Nitrous oxide-induced slow and delta oscillations.

Objectives: Switching from maintenance of general anesthesia with an ether anesthetic to maintenance with high-dose (concentration >50% and total gas flow rate >4 liters per minute) nitrous oxide is a common practice used to facilitate emergence from general anesthesia. The transition from the ether anesthetic to nitrous oxide is associated with a switch in the putative mechanisms and sites of anesthetic action. We investigated whether there is an electroencephalogram (EEG) marker of this transition.