Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and MELD-Na Score Predict Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding After TIPSS: An ALTA Group Study.

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) is highly effective for treatment of variceal bleeding; however, factors contributing to rebleeding complications remain unclear.

Aims: In this study, we aim to determine risk factors for recurrent portal hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding following TIPSS.

Methods: Utilising the Advancing Liver Therapeutic Approaches multicentre database, we retrospectively identified adult patients who underwent TIPSS for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding and had a gastrointestinal rebleeding event within 1 year.

Predictors of long-term clinical outcomes after TIPS: An ALTA group study.

Background And Aims: While TIPS is traditionally considered a bridge to liver transplant (LT), some patients achieve long-term transplant-free survival (TFS) with TIPS alone. Prognosis and need for LT should not only be assessed at time of procedure, but also re-evaluated in patients with favorable early outcomes.

Approach And Results: Adult recipients of TIPS in the multicenter advancing liver therapeutic approaches retrospective cohort study were included (N=1127 patients; 2040 person-years follow-up).

Subcutaneous Sweet Syndrome Successfully Treated With Ustekinumab in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis.

Ustekinumab, an inhibitor of the interleukin-12/23 pathway, received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2019 for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Data regarding the efficacy of ustekinumab in the treatment of extraintestinal manifestations of UC are unclear. Sweet syndrome, an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is a cutaneous manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease that parallels disease activity.

A Comparative Analysis of Nonthumb Metacarpal Fracture Treatments in New York City Civilians and Incarcerated Individuals.

Nonthumb metacarpal (NTMC) fractures are common in the incarcerated and the underinsured civilian populations. However, certain social challenges contribute to high rates of follow-up noncompliance and complications in these unique populations. We conducted a retrospective review of the treatments, outcomes, and complications in the incarcerated and civilian patient population who were treated at a tertiary public hospital for NTMC fractures.

Investigating the reaction and substrate preference of indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae PtoDC3000.

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) catalyze the conversion of various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes into corresponding carboxylic acids. Traditionally considered as housekeeping enzymes, new biochemical roles are being identified for members of ALDH family. Recent work showed that AldA from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain PtoDC3000 (PtoDC3000) functions as an indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase for the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA).

Anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 infection: the case for colchicine.

The search for effective COVID-19 management strategies continues to evolve. Current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms suggests a central role for exaggerated activation of the innate immune system as an important contributor to COVID-19 adverse outcomes. The actions of colchicine, one of the oldest anti-inflammatory therapeutics, target multiple mechanisms associated with COVID-19 excessive inflammation.

Management and Complications of Non-Thumb Metacarpal Fractures in the Incarcerated Population.

We reviewed the patient demographics, injury mechanisms, fracture characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes of incarcerated patients who were referred for metacarpal fracture evaluation and treatment to our high-volume tertiary care center from a New York City Department of Correction infirmary facility. There is a scarcity of information in the orthopedic and plastic surgery literature on treating these common fractures in this vulnerable population. We conducted a basic statistical analysis and discuss the potential implications of these findings.

Trends in Mortality From Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, 1984-2016: An Autopsy-Based Study.

Context.—: With increasing use and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions have decreased.

Objective.

Activation and allosteric modulation of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

Despite recent advances in crystallography and the availability of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures, little is known about the mechanism of their activation process, as only the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and rhodopsin have been crystallized in fully active conformations. Here we report the structure of an agonist-bound, active state of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stabilized by a G-protein mimetic camelid antibody fragment isolated by conformational selection using yeast surface display. In addition to the expected changes in the intracellular surface, the structure reveals larger conformational changes in the extracellular region and orthosteric binding site than observed in the active states of the β2AR and rhodopsin.

Novel structural and functional insights into M3 muscarinic receptor dimer/oligomer formation.

Class A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are able to form homodimers and/or oligomeric arrays. We recently proposed, based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer studies with the M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R), a prototypic class A GPCR, that the M3R is able to form multiple, structurally distinct dimers that are probably transient in nature (McMillin, S. M.

Muscarinic receptors as model targets and antitargets for structure-based ligand discovery.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate virtually all aspects of human physiology and represent an important class of therapeutic drug targets. Many GPCR-targeted drugs resemble endogenous agonists, often resulting in poor selectivity among receptor subtypes and restricted pharmacologic profiles. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family exemplifies these problems; thousands of ligands are known, but few are receptor subtype-selective and nearly all are cationic in nature.