Education strategies are the most commonly used in pediatric rehabilitation implementation research: a scoping review.

Background: Approximately one in six children has a disability, and effective, evidence-based rehabilitation can ameliorate the impact of these conditions over the lifespan. However, implementing interventions in real-world settings remains a challenge. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics, implementation strategies, and outcomes of implementation studies in pediatric rehabilitation.

Preparing Physician-Scientists for the Future of Academic Medicine.

The changing field of academic medicine presents unique challenges for physician-scientists, who intricately weave the complexities of research and patient care. These challenges have significantly lengthened the time needed for scientific discoveries to be applied in clinical practice. In response to these escalating demands, the training trajectory for physician-scientists has notably expanded over recent decades.

Youth and Family Perspectives on Diagnosis Communication About Pediatric Functional Seizures: A Qualitative Study.

Background: This study aims to understand diagnosis communication experiences and preferences of youths with functional seizures and their parents.

Methods: Semistructured interviews with youths and their parents from a tertiary care children's hospital were conducted separately. We confirmed the diagnosis of functional seizures with the youth's treating providers.

Human perceptions of social robot deception behaviors: an exploratory analysis.

Introduction: Robots are being introduced into increasingly social environments. As these robots become more ingrained in social spaces, they will have to abide by the social norms that guide human interactions. At times, however, robots will violate norms and perhaps even deceive their human interaction partners.

"I was very scared when I found out my son had sickle cell": Caregiver knowledge and attitudes toward early intervention for young children with sickle cell disease: Implications for policy and practice from a multi-site study.

Objective: This study characterized caregivers' beliefs related to early intervention services for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) to gain an indepth understanding of caregivers' experiences and desires for early intervention services.

Methods: Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from caregivers of children aged 0-4 years with SCD across two sites in the United States. Caregivers completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, a custom survey about their experiences with early intervention, and a qualitative interview.

Asthma and Participation: A Scoping Review.

Asthma is a widespread pediatric chronic disease, but there is limited understanding of its impact on participation (other than physical activity) and the conceptualization of participation. We conducted a scoping review to explore the evidence on the relationship between pediatric asthma and participation in several domains of occupation outlined in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 4th Edition. A structured literature search was implemented in PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Clarivate Web of Science Core Collection, and APA PsycINFO.

A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Opioid Disposal Instructions with Parental Education on Proper Opioid Disposal Rates Following Ambulatory Pediatric Urologic Surgery.

Objectives: To determine if the administration of standardized opioid disposal instructions with focused parental education improves proper disposal of leftover opioid medication among families of children undergoing ambulatory urologic surgery compared to routine postoperative instructions.

Methods: A prospective, double-blinded, single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted in children 6-18 years undergoing ambulatory urology procedures between October 2021 and April 2023. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opioid disposal best practices worksheet plus nursing parental education or routine postoperative instructions alone.

Repeat treatment of organotypic airway cultures with ethyl methanesulfonate causes accumulation of somatic cell mutations without expansion of bronchial-carcinoma-specific cancer driver mutations.

The human in vitro organotypic air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model is structurally and functionally similar to the human large airway epithelium and, as a result, is being used increasingly for studying the toxicity of inhaled substances. Our previous research demonstrated that DNA damage and mutagenesis can be detected in human airway tissue models under conditions used to assess general and respiratory toxicity endpoints. Expanding upon our previous proof-of-principle study, human airway epithelial tissue models were treated with 6.

The Role of Occupational Therapy in Supporting Youth with Asthma: Therapist Perspectives.

Occupational therapists address physical environments, which can improve outcomes for youth with asthma, a prevalent chronic childhood illness. This study examines pediatric occupational therapists' perceptions of their role supporting youth with asthma, perceived usability of an occupational therapy asthma home assessment, and the impact of asthma on participation. A cross-sectional exploratory survey of 171 participants found that despite lack of tools for asthma trigger reduction assessment and intervention, therapists believe it is within their scope of practice and that they would benefit from an occupational therapy-based asthma tool.

Urological outcomes in adult females born with anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung disease.

Introduction: Women born with anorectal malformation (ARM) or Hirschsprung disease (HD) may have impaired urologic function resulting in sequelae in adulthood. This study assessed and compared self-reported urinary outcomes in adult females born with ARM or HD to a reference population.

Methods: This was an IRB approved, cross-sectional study of female-born patients with ARM or HD, who completed surveys between November 2021 and August 2022.

Assessing Pediatric Resident Needs in Grief and Bereavement Education.

Context: Pediatric residents care for dying children during training. Few educational efforts focus on helping trainees better understand their own grief process and the supports available to them and their patients' families.

Objectives: This work aims to assess pediatric residents' needs and preferences for content included in a curriculum on grief and bereavement.

Endometriosis in a Prepubertal Patient with 46,XY Difference in Sex Development: A Case Report.

Introduction: Endometriosis typically presents in postmenarchal patients with cyclic and acyclic pelvic pain. However, there are reports of endometriosis in premenarchal patients.

Case: We report a 10-year-old individual with 46,XY difference of sex development who was found to have endometriosis at the time of laparoscopic gonadectomy for gonadoblastoma.

"Everyone screens to some extent": Barriers and facilitators of developmental screening among children with sickle cell disease: A mixed methods study.

Background: Developmental delays are common among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Existing guidelines support consistent screening to increase the identification of deficits and support referral to rehabilitative interventions, yet adherence remains variable. This study sought to assess current practices and identify barriers and facilitators to improve developmental screening for children 0-3 years with SCD.

Effects of age and noise exposure history on auditory nerve response amplitudes: A systematic review, study, and meta-analysis.

Auditory nerve (AN) function has been hypothesized to deteriorate with age and noise exposure. Here, we perform a systematic review of published studies and find that the evidence for age-related deficits in AN function is largely consistent across the literature, but there are inconsistent findings among studies of noise exposure history. Further, evidence from animal studies suggests that the greatest deficits in AN response amplitudes are found in noise-exposed aged mice, but a test of the interaction between effects of age and noise exposure on AN function has not been conducted in humans.

Value of a multidisciplinary geriatric oncology committee on patient care in a community-based, academic cancer center.

Introduction: The heterogeneity in health and functional ability among older patients makes the management of cancer a unique challenge. The Geriatric Oncology Program at the University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center (BWMC) was created to optimize cancer management for older patients. This study aimed to assess the benefits of the implementation of such a program at a community-based academic cancer center.

Effects of Age and Noise Exposure History on Auditory Nerve Response Amplitudes: A Systematic Review, Study, and Meta-Analysis.

Auditory nerve (AN) function has been hypothesized to deteriorate with age and noise exposure. Here, we perform a systematic review of published studies and find that the evidence for age-related deficits in AN function is largely consistent across the literature, but there are inconsistent findings among studies of noise exposure history. Further, evidence from animal studies suggests that the greatest deficits in AN response amplitudes are found in noise-exposed aged mice, but a test of the interaction between effects of age and noise exposure on AN function has not been conducted in humans.

Acceleration of benzo(a)pyrene-induced colon carcinogenesis by Western diet in a rat model of colon cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortalities in the USA and around 52,550 people were expected to die from this disease by December 2023. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diet type on benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced colon cancer in an adult male rat model, the Polyposis In the Rat Colon (PIRC) kindred type. Groups of PIRC rats (n = 10) were fed with AIN-76A regular diet (RD) or Western diet (WD) and received 25, 50 and 100 µg B(a)P/kg body wt.

An Observational Study of Dialogue about Uncertainty in Clinician-Family Counseling Conversations Following Prenatal Diagnosis of Complex Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: Families who receive a prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease (cCHD) often experience severe psychological distress and identify uncertainty as a key source of that distress. This study examined clinician-family conversations during initial fetal cardiology consultations to identify the topics of uncertainty discussed.

Methods: In this observational, qualitative study, initial fetal cardiology consultations were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two independent coders.

Adult urological outcomes for patients with anorectal malformation.

Anorectal malformations (ARM) are rare congenital anomalies characterized by a spectrum of defects resulting in the absence of a normal anal opening with or without fistula. Urogenital involvement is common, and the fistulous tract may terminate in the genitourinary system in males or within gynecological structures in females. Surgical reconstruction occurs early in life and survival of these patients to adulthood is the norm.

Family Caregivers of Children With Medical Complexity: Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life and Experiences of Care Coordination.

Objective: Examine the longitudinal association between family experiences of care coordination (FECC) and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) for family caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC).

Methods: A longitudinal survey of family caregivers of CMC was completed between July 2018 and June 2020. Baseline data were collected at initial contact with a regional complex care center; follow-up data were collected 12 to 16 months later.

Unrepaired cloacal exstrophy in an adult: Medical and ethical considerations.

Cloacal exstrophy, also known as OEIS complex, is a rare condition, comprised of severe congenital anomalies. This case report describes a 24-year-old 46,XY individual who had repair of the omphalocele at birth, but has remained with an unrepaired bladder exstrophy. This case highlights the intersections between medical decision-making, individualized management of complex patients, and ethical considerations for adults lacking capacity.

Leveraging mHealth to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 in Black American Communities: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: COVID-19 remains an ongoing public health crisis. Black Americans remain underrepresented among those vaccinated and overrepresented in both COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Medical misinformation, specifically related to COVID-19, has exacerbated the impact of the disease in Black American communities.

Effectiveness of Liposomal Bupivacaine With Bupivacaine Hydrochloride vs Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Alone as a Local Anesthetic for Children Undergoing Ambulatory Urologic Surgery: The Baby ORIOLES Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: We sought to determine if the addition of liposomal bupivacaine to bupivacaine hydrochloride improves opioid-free rate and postoperative pain scores among children undergoing ambulatory urologic surgery.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, phase 3, single-blinded, single-center randomized trial with superiority design was conducted in children 6 to 18 years undergoing ambulatory urologic procedures between October 2021 and April 2023. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive dorsal penile nerve block (penile procedures) or incisional infiltration with spermatic cord block (inguinal/scrotal procedures) with weight-based liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine hydrochloride or bupivacaine hydrochloride alone.