Case report: Pulmonary non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a dog with acute interstitial granulomatous pneumonia.

Background: Pulmonary involvement of Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (PNLCH) is a rare cause of interstitial pulmonary disease in people and are classified as either Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) or Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). In veterinary medicine, feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) has been identified as an infiltrative histiocytic disorder with an insidious onset of progressive respiratory distress and is non-responsiveness to empiric therapies. Unfortunately, subsequent death either from respiratory failure or humane euthanasia are the reported outcomes in all reported cases.

Multicenter retrospective evaluation of norepinephrine extravasation in dogs and cats (2015-2021): 14 cases.

Objective: To document clinical complications and intervention options associated with norepinephrine (NE) extravasation in dogs and cats.

Design: Cases were identified between 2015 and 2021. Because this is an uncommon complication, the findings are compiled as a descriptive retrospective study.

Utilisation Trends of Lisdexamfetamine: Insights From Recent Medicine Shortages in Australia.

Purpose: Investigate the impact of recent notified medicine shortages on dispensing patterns of 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg strengths of lisdexamfetamine for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Australia.

Methods: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) aggregate dispensing data for 2022-2024 were analysed. Monthly dispensings and Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) for lisdexamfetamine were calculated overall and by product strength.

ACVECC-Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry report 2020-2021.

Objective: To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC)-Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry, with further individual evaluation of university and private practices and level I and II Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs).

Design: Multi-institutional registry data report, January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021.

Setting: VTCs identified and verified by ACVECC-VetCOT.

Sidestream dark field video microscopy demonstrates shelf-stable blood products preserve the endothelial glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To utilize sidestream dark field video microscopic technology to evaluate the endothelium in a canine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model.

Methods: 6 purpose-bred adult dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock from September 2021 through June 2022. Each dog was resuscitated with 5 resuscitation strategies in an experimental crossover design study: (1) lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution; (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB); (3) canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed RBCs (pRBC); (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); or (5) HBOC/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets.

Concurrent use of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception by women of reproductive age dispensed teratogenic medications, Australia, 2013-2021: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To examine patterns in the dispensing of category X medications (Therapeutic Goods Administration categorisation system for prescribing medicines in pregnancy) to women aged 15-49 years in Australia during 2008-2021, and patterns of concurrent use of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and other hormonal contraception.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of 10% random sample of national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing data.

Participants, Setting: Women aged 15-49 years dispensed category X medications, Australia, 1 January 2013 - 31 December 2021.

Longitudinal trends in uptake of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception devices throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: an Australian population-based study.

Background: Little is known about the degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated restrictions and disruptions to health services, impacted the accessibility of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) devices within Australia. Here, we explore longitudinal patterns of dispensing of the contraceptive implant and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) within Australia, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Population-based cohort study; analysis of 10% random sample of national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing data, for females aged 15-49 years dispensed a hormonal LARC device between February 2017 and November 2021.

Impact of Transfer Learning Using Local Data on Performance of a Deep Learning Model for Screening Mammography.

Purpose To investigate the issues of generalizability and replication of deep learning models by assessing performance of a screening mammography deep learning system developed at New York University (NYU) on a local Australian dataset. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, all individuals with biopsy or surgical pathology-proven lesions and age-matched controls were identified from a South Australian public mammography screening program (January 2010 to December 2016). The primary outcome was deep learning system performance-measured with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)-in classifying invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ ( = 425) versus no malignancy ( = 490) or benign lesions ( = 44).

Breaking barriers in trauma research: A narrative review of opportunities to leverage veterinary trauma for accelerated translation to clinical solutions for pets and people.

Trauma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and companion animals. Recent efforts in procedural development, training, quality systems, data collection, and research have positively impacted patient outcomes; however, significant unmet need still exists. Coordinated efforts by collaborative, translational, multidisciplinary teams to advance trauma care and improve outcomes have the potential to benefit both human and veterinary patient populations.

Surgical interventions and outcome in a population of canine trauma patients.

Objective: To determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of canine trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] or operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatment in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population.

Design: Retrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on canine trauma cases.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Sidestream dark field imaging and biomarker evaluation reveal minimal significant changes to the microcirculation and glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hemorrhagic shock and fresh whole blood resuscitation on the microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx using sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging and plasma biomarkers.

Animals: 8 purpose-bred dogs.

Methods: Pressure-targeted hemorrhagic shock was induced in anesthetized dogs.

Sickle cell crisis presenting as livedo racemosa.

Sickle cell disease is a monogenic hemoglobinopathy that results in the abnormal production of hemoglobin S, which yields the characteristic sickle-shaped red blood cells. Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis is a painful complication of sickle cell disease caused by red blood cell entrapment within the microcirculation. The resulting tissue ischemia triggers a secondary inflammatory process involved in the pathogenesis of varying inflammatory skin conditions.

Successful Medical Management of Bilateral Pneumothorax Due to Nasogastric Tube Misplacement in a Cat.

A 7 yr old female spayed domestic shorthair was evaluated for suspected lily ingestion and acute vomiting. The cat had vomited suspected lily plant material before presentation, and a nasogastric tube (NGT) was placed to continue to administer activated charcoal. The NGT was passed with sedation and limited restraint.

Comparison of placement characteristics using two intraosseous devices in canine and feline cadavers by novice users.

Introduction: Intraosseous (IO) catheterization enables rapid access to systemic circulation in critical patients. A battery-powered IO device (BPIO) utilized in veterinary practice is reliable in facilitating IO catheter placement. A new spring-powered IO device (SPIO) has been developed for people but has not been tested in veterinary patients.

Development of a novel workflow method to characterize and validate clinical data quality acquired through the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry.

Objective: To generate and apply a novel workflow method to assess the quality of data from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.

Animals: Canine and feline trauma patient data entered by identified and verified Veterinary Trauma Centers into the VetCOT registry between April 2017-December 2018 were retrieved for analysis.

Methods: Analysis software (RVetQual) was created in the R programming language to compare 5,000 cases exported from the VetCOT registry with samples of original corresponding records from 6 veterinary trauma centers.

Surgical interventions and outcome in a population of feline trauma patients.

Objective: To determine signalment, injury type, trauma severity score, and outcome of feline trauma patients undergoing surgical (emergency room [ER] and operating room [OR]) and nonsurgical treatments in addition to time to surgery, specialty services involved, and cost in the OR surgery population.

Design: Retrospective evaluation of medical record and hospital trauma registry data on feline trauma cases.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

ACVECC-Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry report 2017-2019.

Objective: To report summative data from the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.

Design: Multi-institutional registry data report, April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019.

Setting: VetCOT identified and verified Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs).

Multi-State Implementation of Go NAPSACC to Support Healthy Practices in the Early Care and Education Setting.

Childhood obesity in the United States is a serious problem that puts children at risk for poor health. Effective state-wide interventions are needed to address childhood obesity risk factors. Embedding evidence-based initiatives into state-level Early Care and Education (ECE) systems has the potential to improve health environments and promote healthy habits for the 12.

Multilevel Factors Associated With Participation in Group Well-Child Care.

Objective: To identify factors associated with participation in group well-child care (GWCC), wherein families share preventive health care visits.

Methods: We extracted electronic health record data of mother-infant dyads with infants born 2013-18 at Yale New Haven Hospital and followed at the primary care center. Using chi-square analysis and multivariate logistic regression, we examined the extent to which 1) maternal/infant characteristics and recruitment timing were associated with GWCC initiation and continued engagement and 2) initiation was associated with primary care visits.

Neurological scoring and gait kinematics to assess functional outcome in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke.

Background: Assessment of functional impairment following ischaemic stroke is essential to determine outcome and efficacy of intervention in both clinical patients and pre-clinical models. Although paradigms are well described for rodents, comparable methods for large animals, such as sheep, remain limited. This study aimed to develop methods to assess function in an ovine model of ischaemic stroke using composite neurological scoring and gait kinematics from motion capture.

Shock index is positively correlated with acute blood loss and negatively correlated with cardiac output in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To determine whether shock index (SI) positively correlates with percentage blood loss and negatively correlates with cardiac output (CO) in a canine hemorrhagic shock model and whether SI and metabolic markers may be used as end point targets for resuscitation.

Animals: 8 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Between September and December 2021, dogs underwent general anesthesia for experimental induction of hypotensive shock, with the total volume of blood removed, CO, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, base excess, blood pH, and concentrations of hemoglobin, lactate, ionized calcium recorded, and SI calculated at 4 time points (TPs): after anesthetic induction when the dog had been stable for 10 minutes (TP1), 10 minutes after the mean arterial pressure stabilized to a target of 40 mm Hg following jugular removal of up to 60% blood volume to induce hemorrhagic shock (TP2), 10 minutes after autotransfusion of 50% of the removed blood (TP3), and 10 minutes after autotransfusion of the remaining 50% of the removed blood (TP4).