Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes after introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors: Results from a retrospective chart review of patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer in the EU5.

Background: Real-world evidence is increasingly used to guide treatment and regulatory decisions for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes among patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK (EU5) were assessed.

Methods: This retrospective physician-completed patient chart review assessed treatment patterns (regimen, duration of treatment [DOT], time to discontinuation), and clinical outcomes (duration of response [DOR], progression-free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) of patients with stage IIIB/C or IV NSCLC who received pembrolizumab-based first-line induction chemotherapy.

Metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer without driver mutations: projections by therapy line in Western Europe, 2021-2026.

To estimate the incidence, prevalence and treated prevalence by line of therapy (LOT) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients without driver mutations from 2021 to 2026. Country-specific registry data for Western Europe were used to project incidence and prevalence of NSCLC; LOT information was obtained from CancerMPact Treatment Architecture physician surveys. Incidence, prevalence and treated prevalence across LOTs for NSCLC are projected to increase across five WE countries, including for stage IV patients without driver mutations (184,966 cases [2021] to 197,925 [2026]).

The Utility of ctDNA in Lung Cancer Clinical Research and Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies.

This systematic review with embedded meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in lung cancer. After screening and review of the Embase database search, 111 studies from 2015 to 2020 demonstrated ctDNA's value in prognostication/monitoring disease progression, mainly in patients with advanced/metastatic disease and non-small cell lung cancer. ctDNA positivity/detection at any time point was associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, whereas ctDNA clearance/decrease during treatment was associated with a lower risk of progression and death.

Authors' reply to "Comment on generalizability of GLP-1 RA CVOTs in US T2D population".

The authors of the manuscript "Generalizability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Cardiovascular Outcome Trials Enrollment Criteria to the US Type 2 Diabetes Population" respond to a letter to the editor.

Generalizability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials enrollment criteria to the US type 2 diabetes population.

Objectives: Cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) for evaluating the safety of novel antidiabetic agents are required by the FDA. CVOTs vary in their design and inclusion criteria, making it difficult to evaluate their applicability to the general population. This study examined the proportion of adults eligible for 7 ongoing or completed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) CVOTs.

Eligibility varies among the 4 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials: implications for the general type 2 diabetes US population.

Objectives: Guidance to industry from the FDA requires studies to evaluate the cardiovascular safety of novel type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications. Although the objectives of such cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) are similar, differences in features such as enrollment criteria present a challenge when trying to assess the applicability of these studies to real-world T2D populations. This study evaluated the proportions of US adults with T2D who met the eligibility criteria for each of the 4 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor CVOTs.

A retrospective real-world study of dapagliflozin versus other oral antidiabetic drugs added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The efficacy of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin has been assessed in randomized trials. However, its effectiveness has not been assessed in a US real-world setting.

Methods: Electronic medical record (EMR) data were used to compare clinical outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with dapagliflozin and metformin with or without other oral antidiabetic drugs (D + M ± OAD), versus metformin with at least 1 other OAD (M + OAD).

Comparison of costs and outcomes of dapagliflozin with other glucose-lowering therapy classes added to metformin using a short-term cost-effectiveness model in the US setting.

Objective: To compare 1-year costs and benefits of dapagliflozin (DAPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, with those of other treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D), such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), sulfonylureas (SUs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), all combined with metformin.

Methods: A short-term decision-analytic model with a 1-year time horizon was developed from a payer's perspective in the United States setting. Costs and benefits associated with four clinical end-points (glycated hemoglobin [A1C], body weight, systolic blood pressure [SBP], and risk of hypoglycemia) were evaluated in the analysis.

Comparing Medication Adherence and Persistence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors or Sulfonylureas.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pharmacotherapy should be adherent to and persistent with their medications to experience glycemic control and prevent associated complications.

Objective: To compare medication adherence and persistence among patients with type 2 diabetes who are newly initiating a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor or a sulfonylurea.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational cohort study using the MarketScan claims databases.

Economic burden of comorbid chronic kidney disease and diabetes.

Objective: To estimate real-world healthcare utilization and expenditures across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD), as determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories in patients with diabetes.

Methods: This study employed a retrospective cohort study design using the Truven Healthcare and Claims Dataset from 2009-2012. Index date was defined as the first eGFR value during a continuous enrollment period of 24 months.

Quality measure attainment with dapagliflozin plus metformin extended-release as initial combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc pooled analysis of two clinical studies.

Background: The use of quality measures attempts to improve safety and health outcomes and to reduce costs. In two Phase III trials in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes, dapagliflozin 5 or 10 mg/d as initial combination therapy with metformin extended-release (XR) significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (A) from baseline to 24 weeks and allowed higher proportions of patients to achieve A <7% vs dapagliflozin or metformin monotherapy.

Objective: A pooled analysis of data from these two studies assessed the effect of dapagliflozin 5 or 10 mg/d plus metformin XR (combination therapy) compared with placebo plus metformin XR (metformin monotherapy) on diabetes quality measures.

Patient preferences for diabetes treatment attributes and drug classes.

Objective: To identify which treatment attributes are most influential in determining patient preferences for diabetes treatments and explore patient preferences for diabetes drug classes.

Research Design And Methods: US adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes completed an online adaptive conjoint analysis survey. The survey examined 14 attributes, including efficacy, regimen, and risk of common side effects and rare but serious adverse events.

Health care burden of dyspepsia among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients.

Background: Although dyspepsia is common among nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients, its impact on patient health and cost has not been adequately studied.

Objective: To evaluate the incremental health care burden associated with dyspepsia among NVAF patients and its impact on warfarin treatment.

Methods: NVAF patients ≥ 18 years of age with continuous insurance coverage were identified (January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2009) from the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Research databases.

Rate of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin plus saxagliptin versus metformin plus sulfonylurea: a retrospective observational cohort study using administrative claims data.

Objectives: Hypoglycemia is a limiting factor in the management of diabetes. Studies comparing oral antidiabetic medications are needed to identify treatment options that can help clinicians and patients minimize their associated hypoglycemia risk. The purpose of this study was to compare hypoglycemia rates in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin who initiated treatment with saxagliptin versus sulfonylurea (SU).

The high-cost, type 2 diabetes mellitus patient: an analysis of managed care administrative data.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 25.8 million individuals in the United States and exerts a substantial economic burden on patients, health care systems, and society. Few studies have categorized costs and resource use at the patient level.

Predictors of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Medical professionals are often challenged by lack of patient compliance with pharmaceutical treatments. Research has shown that patients with diabetes have one of the lowest medication adherence rates at 65% to 85%. Some causes have been identified in the literature, but the influence of type of medication is unknown.