Posttreatment FDG-PET-CT response is predictive of tumor progression and survival in anal carcinoma.

Purpose: We hypothesize that posttreatment F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) metabolic response predicts clinical outcomes in patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiation.

Methods And Materials: This was a single-institution retrospective review of 148 patients treated definitively for anal squamous cell carcinoma between 2005 and 2012. All patients were followed with posttreatment PET-CT scans and clinical examinations.