Association between Extracranial Carotid Artery Plaque and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Extracranial carotid atherosclerosis has been variably associated with dementia. Prior studies have focused on the association of carotid intima media thickness or carotid stenosis; however, there is evidence that carotid plaque may contribute to dementia, perhaps via microembolic phenomena.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the role of carotid plaque in contributing to cognitive impairment by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association between extracranial carotid plaque and cognitive dysfunction and dementia.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Sigmoid Venous Thrombosis Following CPA Tumor Resection.

Objective: Our primary aim was to determine the incidence of sigmoid venous thrombosis (SVT) and determine risks factors and sequelae of SVT following cerebellopontine angle tumor resection.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital.

Blunt renal trauma in children with pre-existing renal abnormalities.

The kidneys are the most commonly injured genitourinary organ in children following blunt abdominal trauma. Though the retroperitoneal location affords the kidneys some protection from the forces experienced in blunt abdominal trauma, the kidneys are at greater risk of injury when a disease process exposes them from their normal shielded location. In such cases, the injuries may appear to be disproportionate in relation to the severity of the trauma history, confusing the imaging findings.

Characterization of Leishmania major phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferases LmjPEM1 and LmjPEM2 and their inhibition by choline analogs.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant phospholipid in the membranes of the human parasite Leishmania. It is synthesized via two metabolic routes, the de novo pathway that starts with the uptake of choline, and the threefold methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine. Choline was shown to be dispensable for Leishmania; thus, the methylation pathway likely represents the primary route for PC production.

Anatomic description of the middle meatus and classification of the hiatus semilunaris into five types based upon morphological characteristics.

Anatomical variation of the lateral nasal wall, including the pathway from the frontal, ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses may affect the communication between the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity. The middle meatus and hiatus semilunaris are areas where variations can occur which predispose patients to recurring sinusitis. Endoscopy allows for visualization of the entire nasal cavity, for both diagnostic and therapeutic uses.

Descriptive anatomy of the interscalene triangle and the costoclavicular space and their relationship to thoracic outlet syndrome: a study of 60 cadavers.

Objective: Thoracic outlet syndrome classically results from constrictions in 1 or more of 3 specific anatomical locations: the interscalene triangle, costoclavicular space, and coracopectoral tunnel. Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic imaging studies suggest that, of the 3 potential locations for constriction, the costoclavicular space is the most susceptible to compression. This study of human cadavers aims to expand on the descriptive anatomy of the interscalene triangle and associated costoclavicular space.