The Effect of Simultaneous Contralateral White Noise Masking on Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials Elicited by Speech Stimuli.

 Noise obscures speech signal, causing auditory masking. The effects of this masking can be observed through the cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs). White noise, in turn, has an effect on the auditory cortex, interfering, for example, with lexical decision making.

The Effect of Different Stimulation Rates on Brainstem Auditory-Evoked-Potential Responses.

 Auditory-evoked potentials are influenced by several factors, including polarity, filter, stimulus intensity and stimulation rate. The presentation of higher rates of stimuli per second enables the collection of a greater number of responses in a given period of time, promoting a shorter testing time; however, the collected recordings are subject to changes related to wave morphology.  To compare the brainstem auditory-evoked-potential responses with click stimulus with the most commonly used stimulation rates in the clinical practice.

Frequency Following Responses in childhood apraxia of speech.

Objective: to compare the Frequency Following Responses of children with childhood apraxia of speech with typical development children.

Method: this is an observational cross-sectional analytical study approved by Human Research Ethics Committee. Thirty normal hearing children have participated in the study.

Cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials: a study on aging.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in an elderly population.

Methods: The sample consisted of adults between 20 and 58 years of age and elderly adults between 60 and 70 years of age. The screening procedures adopted were an inspection of the external auditory canal, tonal and vocal audiometry, tympanometry, brain stem auditory evoked potential, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, and long-latency auditory evoked potential.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) captured in the forearm flexor muscles: a study of its feasibility and reference ranges.

Objective: To determine the central tendency measures and variability of vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) with regard to the latency and wave amplitude when potentials are captured from the flexor muscles of the forearm.

Methods: Ten adult volunteers with normal hearing underwent examination of their forearm flexor muscles (right and left sides; 20 samples in total) for VEMP acquisition. To this end, 200 tone burst stimuli at a 500 Hz frequency and 95 dBnHL intensity were promediated.

Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a systematic review.

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes COVID-19, and it is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 H1N1 influenza outbreak. The classic symptoms of the disease have been well defined by the World Health Organization; however, olfactory/gustatory disorders have been reported in some studies, but there are still several missing points in the understanding and in the consensus about the clinical management of these cases.

Objective: To identify evidence in the scientific literature about olfactory/gustatory disorders, their clinical presentation, prevalence and possible specific treatments associated with COVID-19.

Effect of Forward Masking on Frequency Following Response as a Function of Age.

Background: Forward masking occurs when noise is presented before the target signal, making the latter difficult to be perceived. It is related to temporal auditory processing and consequently to speech recognition in noisy environments, which may decline with age. Interest in forward masking has grown in the last years.

The Value of Electrically Evoked Stapedius Reflex in Determining the Maximum Comfort Level of a Cochlear Implant.

Background: One of the most important steps for good user performance with a cochlear implant (CI) is activation and programming, aimed at determining the dynamic range. In adults, current levels are determined by psychophysical measures. In babies, small children, or individuals with multiple disorders, this procedure requires techniques that may provide inconsistent responses because of auditory inexperience or the age of the child, making it a very difficult process that demands the collaboration of both the patient and the family.

Study of cochlear microphonic potentials in auditory neuropathy.

Introduction: Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony is a disorder characterized by the presence of Otoacoustic Emissions and Cochlear Microphonic Potentials, an absence or severe alteration of Brainstem Evoked Auditory Potential, auditory thresholds incompatible with speech thresholds and altered acoustic reflexes. The study of the Cochlear Microphonic Potential appears to be the most important tool for an accurate diagnosis of this pathology.

Objective: Determine the characteristics of the Cochlear Microphonic in Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony using an integrative review.

Positioning of earphones and variations in auditory thresholds.

Introduction: One of the problems observed in pure-tone audiometry tonal has been the variation in test results of a same individual, particularly at frequencies of 4kHz, 6kHz and/or 8kHz. Improper placement of headphones is one of the factors that can cause alterations in results.

Objective: To compare differences in auditory thresholds using earphones positioned by the examiner and by the worker.

The importance of electrically evoked stapedial reflex in cochlear implant.

Introduction: The most important stage in fitting a cochlear implant is the identification of its dynamic range. The use of objective measures, in particular the electrically elicited stapedius reflex, may provide suitable assistence for initial fitting of cochlear implant, especially in children or adult with multiple disorders, because they provide specific values that serve as the basis of early cochlear implant programming.

Objective: Verify through a review the use of the electrically elicited stapedius reflex threshold during the activation and mapping process of cochlear implant.

Sound localization and occupational noise.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of occupational noise on sound localization in different spatial planes and frequencies among normal hearing firefighters.

Method: A total of 29 adults with pure-tone hearing thresholds below 25 dB took part in the study. The participants were divided into a group of 19 firefighters exposed to occupational noise and a control group of 10 adults who were not exposed to such noise.

The impact of stimulation rates in vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.

Unlabelled: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used in complementary otoneurological assessment, but the use of VEMP in clinical settings is limited. VEMPs can be used to assess vestibular function, particularly of the saccule, the inferior vestibular nerve, and/or the vestibular nucleus.

Objective: To verify the highest possible - and reliable - stimulation rate to obtain VEMPs.

Non-flat audiograms in sensorineural hearing loss and speech perception.

Objective: The audibility thresholds for the sound frequency of 137 upward- and downward-sloping audiograms showing sensorineural hearing loss were selected and analyzed in conjunction with speech recognition thresholds obtained from individuals seen at a public otolaryngology clinic to determine which frequencies in slope audiograms best represent speech recognition thresholds.

Method: The linear regression model and mean square error were used to determine the associations between the threshold values.

Result: The mean square error identified larger errors when using thresholds of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz than when using audibility thresholds of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz.

The importance of acoustic reflex for communication.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the speech recognition capacity between listeners with and without acoustic reflex using different types of noises and intensities.

Materials And Methods: We studied 18 women allocated to 2 groups: acoustic reflex present (20 ears) and absent (16 ears). They were presented with 180 disyllable words (90 to each ear), emitted randomly at a fixed intensity of 40 dB above the pure tone average hearing level.