Composition of Breast Milk in Women with Obesity.

Among US breastfeeding women, those with obesity have significantly increased breast milk fat and caloric content from foremilk to hindmilk, with a 4-fold increase in fat content from the first to last milk sample. In view of different dietary norms and nutritional standards, we sought to evaluate the relationship between maternal BMI with breast milk fat and calorie content in women from Brazil, a low-middle-income country. Women who delivered singleton-term neonates were recruited from the Ana Abrao Breastfeeding Center (AABC) and Human Milk Bank at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Donor Human Milk Fat Content Is Associated with Maternal Body Mass Index.

Donor human milk is increasingly being utilized for both preterm and term infants when mother's milk is unavailable. With the rising prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity, it is crucial to evaluate the relationship between maternal body mass index and the fat and energy content of donor human milk. To assess the impact of maternal body mass index on human milk fat content.

Breastfeeding moderates the association of maternal pre-pregnancy nutritional status with offspring body composition at 30 years.

Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index is positively associated with offspring obesity, even at adulthood, whereas breastfeeding decreases the risk of obesity. The present study was aimed at assessing whether breastfeeding moderates the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with offspring body composition at adulthood, using data from 3439 subjects enrolled in a southern Brazilian birth cohort. At 30 years of age, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was positively associated with offspring prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, as well as body mass index and fat and lean mass index.

High-Fat, High-Calorie Breast Milk in Women with Overweight or Obesity and Its Association with Maternal Serum Insulin Concentration and Triglycerides Levels.

The childhood obesity epidemic continues to be a challenge. Maternal obesity and excessive infant weight gain are strong predictors of childhood obesity, which itself is a major risk factor for adult obesity. The primary source of nutrition during early life is breast milk, and its composition is impacted by maternal habitus and diet.

Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet.

Maternal obesity and/or high-fat diet (HF) consumption can disrupt appetite regulation in their offspring, contributing to transgenerational obesity and metabolic diseases. As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation.

Temperature curve of raw human milk heated by different methods: experimental study.

Objective: To analyze the temperature curve of raw or pasteurized human milk exposed to different heating methods.

Method: Experiments with volumes of 5 ml to 100 ml of human milk were carried out between 2016 and 2021 and analyzed according to the exposure time by different heating methods. Descriptive statistics included the calculation of means, medians, minimum and maximum values, measures of dispersion and standard deviation.

Initial nipple damages in breastfeeding women: analysis of photographic images and clinical associations.

Objective: to analyze the initial nipple damage degree by breastfeeding practice and to associate findings with clinical manifestations of breastfeeding women.

Methods: a retrospective, cross-sectional study with primary data and photographic images database from two randomized clinical trials. Photographic images were analyzed by two independent evaluators using the Nipple Trauma Score.

Factors associated with postpartum depression symptoms among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study.

Background: This study aimed to examine factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among postpartum women in five countries, a subject that has not been investigated thus far.

Methods: A multi-country, cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 3,523 postpartum women in Brazil, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United Kingdom, from July to November 2021. Sociodemographic and obstetric data, food insecurity, COVID-19 positive status, COVID-19 vaccination, infant feeding, breastfeeding belief score, and social support were investigated.

Associations between breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding practices and post-natal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country cross-sectional study.

Associations between breastfeeding intention, duration and post-natal depression (PND) have been shown in pre-COVID-19 studies. However, studies during COVID-19 have not examined the associations between breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding practices, and PND in an international sample of post-natal women, taking into consideration COVID-19 related factors. This is the first study to address this gap as both PND and breastfeeding may be affected by COVID-19, and have important long-term effects on women's and infant's health.

Protective measures feasibility for infants of low-income SARS-CoV-2 positive breastfeeding mothers: A prospective multicentre cohort study.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of protective measures for infants of low-income SARS-CoV-2 positive breastfeeding mothers.

Background: Breastfeeding mothers with SARS-CoV-2 positive should avoid exposing the infant through protective measures (PM), but it could be challenging in a low-income population.

Methods: A prospective, multicentre study was conducted between July and October 2020 (BRACOVID).

Impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding intention and behaviour among postpartum women in five countries.

Background: Studies regarding the impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding have mostly used single- country samples or a qualitative design.

Aim: The objective of this study was to examine breastfeeding intention during pregnancy and breastfeeding behaviour among postpartum women in five countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors.

Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted in Thailand, the United Kingdom, South Korea, Taiwan, and Brazil from July through November 2021.

Construction and validation of an instrument for classifying nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding.

Objectives: to construct and validate a classification of nipple and areola complex lesions resulting from breastfeeding, according to content and appearance.

Methods: this is a methodological study, developed in four stages: operational definition, instrument construction, content and appearance validation. The Delphi technique and a Likert-type scale were used to validate content and appearance, through the participation of ten and sixteen judges, respectively.

Breastfeeding Practices and Problems Among Obese Women Compared with Nonobese Women in a Brazilian Hospital.

Women who are obese have lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration and are less likely to breastfeed exclusively compared with women who are not obese. To develop programs to improve breastfeeding practices among this group of women, we investigated the association between maternal obesity and breastfeeding practices and problems in the first days postpartum. We analyzed medical records from postpartum women at a rooming-in maternity ward in State of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018.

Food diversity among indigenous children from two municipalities of the Brazilian Western Amazon.

Our aim was to explore the feeding practices of indigenous children younger than two years old, living in Cruzeiro do Sul and Mâncio Lima, in Acre, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with indigenous children of the Katukina (Cruzeiro do Sul), Nukini, Nawa and Poyanawa (Mâncio Lima) ethnicities in October 2013. We used a structured questionnaire on the food consumption of the day before the collection, based on the food indicators proposed by the Ministry of Health.

The effect of a single irradiation of low-level laser on nipple pain in breastfeeding women: a randomized controlled trial.

Photobiomodulation with low-level laser therapy (PBM-LLLT) has been introduced as a new tool to relieve nipple pain and repair nipple damage in breastfeeding women; however, evidence is needed to assess its effectiveness. The aim was to evaluate the effect of a single application of PBM-LLLT for breastfeeding women with nipple pain and damage; side effects were also collected. We conducted a randomized double-blinded controlled trial with women with nipple damage who were exclusively breastfeeding and rooming-in at Amparo Maternal maternity service, São Paulo, Brazil (May 2016 to May 2017).

Measurement tools and intensity of nipple pain among women with or without damaged nipples: A quantitative systematic review.

Aims: To describe and evaluate pain scales used to measure nipple pain in breastfeeding women and to identify nipple pain intensity in women with or without nipple damage.

Background: Nipple pain is one of the most common reasons given for premature cessation of breastfeeding. However, there are no agreed tools to measure pain and no previous reviews have provided summary estimates of pain scores.

Factors associated to breast implants and breastfeeding.

Objective: To analyze the association between the surgical characteristics of breast implants, time elapsed since surgery, access route, implant placement and implanted volume and variables related to breastfeeding, type, first 'milk let-down', breast engorgement, pain, lesion, milk production and use of galactagogues.

Method: A prospective cohort carried out during the hospital stay (12 to 72 hours after delivery), home care (5thto 7thday after delivery) and telephone contact (between the 30thand 32ndday postpartum) of 115 postpartum women with breast implants between 2015 and 2017.

Results: The first evaluation identified more frequent use of oral galactagogues (p=0.

Intimate partner violence among postpartum women: associated factors.

Objective: To identify the profile and assess the self-esteem of postpartum women, to characterize their babies and partners, and to verify the association of these characteristics with the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV).

Method: Cross-sectional study with 207 postpartum women assisted in a public clinic.

Results: There was no statistic correlation among the sociodemographic variables, personal and obstetric characteristics with the occurrence of IPV.

BUNDLE OF MEASURES TO SUPPORT INTRAHOSPITAL EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING: EVIDENCE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS.

Objective: To identify the main recommendations found in systematic reviews regarding exclusive breastfeeding protective factors.

Data Source: Integrative review based on the guiding question: What evidence is found in literature regarding the protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding during the intrahospital period? A search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS database using the keyword "Breast Feeding" and the word "Breastfeeding". Systematic reviews published from 2007 to 2016 that answered the guiding question were included in the study, whereas systematic reviews that analyzed breastfeeding of preterm infants and breastfeeding of children with orofacial malformation were excluded.

Breastfeeding assessment instruments and their use in clinical practice.

Objectives: To identify breastfeeding assessment tools, their application in clinical practice, and their validation and cross-cultural adaptation.

Method: This is an integrative review of literature obtained from six databases and an online library, conducted from August 2014 to December 2015, without a temporal delimitation.

Results: We identified 19 assessment tools, of which 12 were validated and five were cross-culturally adapted.

Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Relieving Nipple Pain in Breastfeeding Women: A Triple-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Pain accruing from nipple lesions caused by inadequate latching by the baby is a common complaint among breastfeeding women and an important obstacle to successful breastfeeding. Nipple pain occurs during the first days after delivery and is considered one of the main causes for early weaning. To investigate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy as a treatment for nipple pain due to breastfeeding.

[Injuries resulted from breastfeeding: a new approach to a known problem].

This study aimed at analyzing nipple trauma resulted from breastfeeding based on dermatological approach. Two integrative reviews of literature were conducted, the first related to definitions, classification and evaluation methods of nipple trauma and another about validation studies related to this theme. In the first part were included 20 studies and only one third defined nipple trauma, more than half did not defined the nipple's injuries reported, and each author showed a particular way to assess the injuries, without consensus.

[Mother role conflicts in studies with mothers of hospitalized newborns: an integrative review].

The hospitalization of a newborn separates mother and child at a time when their contact is essential for developing the mother's role. Therefore, mothers tend to feel incapable of meeting their child's needs, and face difficulties in dealing with their personal feelings and the demands of their family. The objective of this study was to identify the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Conflict in performing the role of mother in studies addressing the experience of being a mother in the neonatal unit.