Association of psychiatric history with hypertension among adults who present for metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Psychiatric diagnoses are common among adults with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m) and may be associated with hypertension.

Objectives: To determine the association between lifetime and current psychiatric diagnoses, separately, with hypertension, uncontrolled blood pressure (BP), and systolic BP (SBP) among adults with severe obesity undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).

Setting: Academic medical center.

Development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory: The first clinical interview to assess ultra-processed food addiction.

Prior research on ultra-processed food addiction (FA) has utilized the self-report Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) measures to identify individuals who experience indicators of substance-use disorders with respect to their consumption of ultra-processed foods. Studies using the YFAS have provided insight into the clinical utility of FA as both a distinct construct and an indicator of more severe psychopathology among individuals with eating disorders. However, the absence of clinician-administered assessment tools for FA has been identified as a barrier to the evaluation of FA as a novel clinical syndrome.

Ultra-Processed Food Addiction: A Research Update.

Purpose Of Review: Detail recent advancements in the science on ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction, focusing on estimated prevalence rates and emerging health disparities; progress towards identifying biological underpinnings and behavioral mechanisms; and implications for weight management.

Recent Findings: Notable developments in the field have included: (1) estimating the global prevalence of UPF addiction at 14% of adults and 15% of youths; (2) revealing health disparities for persons of color and those with food insecurity; (3) observing altered functioning across the brain-gut-microbiome axis; (4) providing early evidence for UPF withdrawal; and (5) elucidating poorer weight management outcomes among persons with UPF addiction. The breadth of recent work on UPF addiction illustrates continued scientific and public interest in the construct and its implications for understanding and treating overeating behaviors and obesity.

A pilot randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.0 mg for binge eating disorder.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, for binge eating disorder (BED).

Methods: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m enrolled in a pilot, 17-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial of liraglutide 3.

Binge eating disorder and eating self-efficacy in adults seeking bariatric surgery.

This study assessed the relationships between binge eating disorder (BED) and eating self-efficacy in a sample of patients prior to bariatric surgery. The study also examined the extent that BED status accounted for variance in self-efficacy after controlling for demographic factors (age, sex and race), physical variables (comorbidities and body mass index [BMI]) and depressive symptoms. This was a cross-sectional study of pre-surgical data from patients seeking bariatric surgery at a university-based healthcare system (N = 98; mean ± SD age of 46.

Development and validation of the Chrononutrition Profile - Diary.

The circadian timing of food intake (i.e., chrononutrition) has been linked to various markers of health status, such as body weight and insulin sensitivity.

Trends in US Patients Receiving Care for Eating Disorders and Other Common Behavioral Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This cohort study examines trends in care for eating disorders and other behavioral health conditions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among commercially insured individuals in the US.

A cross-sectional examination of reported changes to weight, eating, and activity behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among United States adults with food addiction.

Prior studies have demonstrated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight management and lifestyle behaviors, though identification of who may be at greatest risk for negative consequences has not been fully explored. Addictive-like eating behavior, or food addiction, has been associated with an array of problematic eating behaviors, which may suggest heightened susceptibility to poorer outcomes. In this online, cross-sectional study, adults (ages 18-78; M = 42.

The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships.

Objectives: Despite the initial characterization of night eating syndrome (NES) in 1955, the definition and operationalization of its symptoms has varied considerably. To standardize the definition of NES and its symptoms, Allison et al. developed research diagnostic criteria.

Psychopathology, disordered eating, and impulsivity in patients seeking bariatric surgery.

Background: Most patients who undergo bariatric surgery experience significant weight loss and improvements in obesity-related co-morbidities in the first 6-18 months after surgery. However, 20%-30% of patients experience suboptimal weight loss or significant weight regain within the first few postoperative years. Psychosocial functioning may contribute to suboptimal weight loss and/or postoperative psychosocial distress.

Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism.

A delayed eating schedule is associated with increased risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in humans. However, there are no prolonged, highly controlled experimental studies testing the effects of meal timing on weight and metabolism in adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 19-27 kg/m. Twelve healthy adults (age: 26.

Lifestyle modifications alone or combined with hormonal contraceptives improve sexual dysfunction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in a well-defined polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population, and to assess the impact of common PCOS treatments on sexual function.

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, oral contraceptive pills and weight loss in PCOS.

Setting: Two academic medical centers.

Effects of Oral Contraception and Lifestyle Modification on Incretins and TGF-ß Superfamily Hormones in PCOS.

Objective: To examine the effects of common treatments for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on a panel of hormones (reproductive/metabolic).

Design: Secondary analysis of blood from a randomized controlled trial of three 16-week preconception interventions designed to improve PCOS-related abnormalities: continuous oral contraceptive pills (OCPs, N = 34 subjects), intensive lifestyle modification (Lifestyle, N = 31), or a combination of both (Combined, N = 29).

Materials And Methods: Post-treatment levels of activin A and B, inhibin B, and follistatin (FST), as well as Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and 2, and oxyntomodulin were compared to baseline, and the change from baseline in these parameters were correlated with outcomes.

Is there an association between body mass index and 21-gene recurrence score?

Purpose: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) is an established predictor of recurrence for early stage, hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The association between RS and other risk factors such as obesity has not been fully explored. We hypothesized that patients with obesity may present with primary breast cancers with higher recurrence scores.

An evaluation of food addiction as a distinct psychiatric disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the state of the literature for whether food addiction may warrant consideration as a distinct psychiatric disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) using Blashfield et al.'s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15-19) five criteria. This framework was utilized because it has recently been applied to examine the diagnostic utility of several eating disorder phenotypes.

Development, validation and reliability of the Chrononutrition Profile - Questionnaire.

Chrononutrition, or the circadian timing of food intake, has garnered attention as a topic of study due to its associations with health (e.g. weight gain); however, a valid and reliable assessment of chrononutrition in daily life has not yet been developed.

Prebariatric surgery care and postoperative outcomes: increased number of visits associated with smaller weight losses over first 2 postoperative years.

Background: The prebariatric surgery assessment process can be challenging to patients and serve as a barrier to surgery. There is limited evidence to support its utility in improving postoperative outcomes for the majority of patients.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between preoperative care and postoperative weight loss and follow-up in the first 2 postoperative years.

Weight Loss Prior to Bariatric Surgery and 30-Day Mortality, Readmission, Reoperation, and Intervention: an MBSAQIP Analysis of 349,016 Cases.

Introduction: Despite preoperative weight loss being a common prerequisite to metabolic and bariatric surgery, its relationship to 30-day postoperative outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether preoperative weight loss is associated with 30-day postoperative quality outcomes in adults undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study assessing adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy in the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Participant Use File, years 2015-2017.