Urinary IL-6 and IL-8 as predictive markers in bladder urothelial carcinoma: A pilot study.

Background: Cytokines are known to be a key a factor in numerous malignancies and to exert an important regulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Interest has grown in understanding how cytokines modulate the tumor microenvironment and which cytokines may serve as markers of the tumor process; however, a complete picture of the cytokine landscape in bladder cancer remains unclear.

Methods: Fresh urine specimens with sufficient volume were collected at random intervals.